包括来自于“底层”的物理和化学因素，也就是分子间的作用，影响了上层的基因、染色体、细胞、组织和生物体。
They include constraints imposed "from below" by physics and chemistry, that is, from molecular interactions upwards, through genes, chromosomes, cells, tissues and organisms.
近代高新技术的成就促进了分子电子学这门涉及化学、物理、生物、材料科学及电子工程学的交叉学科的建立。
It is the modern high technology that promote the foundation of molecular electronic, which is a cross-discipline involved with chemistry, physics, biology, material science and electronics.
DNA序列的数值映射是用数学方法、物理方法和数字信号处理方法分析生物分子序列首先要解决的问题。
The first problem to be solved is to map DNA sequences onto numerical sequences in bio-molecular sequence analysis by mathematical, physical and digital signal processing methods.
DNA在生物遗传中具有特殊功能，能否行使正常的遗传功能依赖与其他分子的物理，化学相互作用。
Normal heredity function of DNA depends on the physical and chemical interaction of other molecules with DNA.
文章描述了由atp分子水解释放的生物能量传递的新理论的物理和生物学基础。
We present the biological and physical foundations of the new theory of transport of bio-energy released by hydrolysis of ATP molecules.
离子阱质谱计及相关技术的研究一直是原子分子物理、生物和化学领域的前沿课题。
The study of the ion trap mass spectrometry and its correlative technology has been the advanced topics of those fields, such as, atom and molecular physics, biology and chemistry.
在此之前，他是耶鲁大学的教务长，同时兼任化学与分子生物物理学教授。
Before that, he was the provost of Yale, where he was also a professor of chemistry and molecular biophysics.
推断年龄目前主要依据人体骨骼、软组织、细胞和生物大分子，以及组织中各类物质的物理和化学特性等随年龄增长的时序性变化。
The main methods of age estimation at present mostly rely on characteristic physical and chemical changes of skeleton, soft tissue, cells, biomacromolecules and the other substances.
请注意这些特例：分子生物学正利用节理论来研究DNA分子动力学，亚原子物理学用到了抽象群论。
We should pay attention to examples from other fields: molecular biology is now drawing upon knot theory for the study of DNA dynamics, and subatomic physics makes use of abstract group theory.
对DNA分子导电性的研究已经成为生物、物理、化学等学科以及其交叉学科的研究热点。
The study of DNA's conductivity has become the focus of biology, physics, chemistry and their cross-discipline.
基于折射率的变化，抗共振反射传感器对物理量、化学量和生物分子间的相互作用有很高的敏感性。
Based on variation of refractive index, ARROW sensors are high sensitive to physical and chemical quantity and interaction of bio-molecule.
在上周四在中国计算机大会上，研究人员将讨论他们如何使用分子模拟天体物理和生物系统的像新的一样科研领域。
At the computing conference on Thursday in China, theresearchers will discuss how they are using the new system for scientificresearch in fields like astrophysics and bio-molecular modeling.
硫链丝菌肽- FOXM1相互作用的生物物理分析提供了硫链丝菌肽分子作用方式的额外见解。
Biophysical analyses of the thiostrepton-FOXM1 interaction provide additional insights on the molecular mode of action of thiostrepton.
该研究所主要致力于在结合生物学、化学和物理学研究成果基础上的当代分子生物学的科学研究和人才培养。
The Institute fosters research and training in contemporary molecular biology by bringing together scientists from biology, Chemistry, and Physics into a common intellectual and physical space.
该研究所主要致力于在结合生物学、化学和物理学研究成果基础上的当代分子生物学的科学研究和人才培养。
The Institute fosters research and training in contemporary molecular biology by bringing together scientists from biology, Chemistry, and Physics into a common intellectual and physical space.
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