本文归纳了欧盟消费者政策一体化的进程与做法。
In this paper, the writers sum up the process and practice of the EEC Consumer Policy Iniegration.
消费者政策是欧盟提高其所有公民生活质量的战略目标的一部分。
Consumer policy is part of the Union's strategic objective of improving the quality of life of all its citizens.
发达国家的政府制定并实施政策，改变消费者的期望。
Governments in developed nations devise and implement policy that changes consumer expectations.
许多政策制定者坚持认为，消费者支出是一个强大的经济催化剂，因此，零售商店稀缺是经济表现不佳的一个促成因素。
Many policy makers insist that consumer spending is a strong economic catalyst and, therefore, a paucity of retail stores is a contributing factor to low-performing economies.
反垄断法和政策持这样的观点：当制造商用一定途径对其分销商网络进行控制时，消费者获得了好处。
Antitrust law and policy have adopted the view that consumers benefit when a manufacturer exercises control over its network of distributors in certain ways.
这项政策的好处还有很多；它维持了私人需求，在减少长期失业发生率的同时减少了消费者的不确定性，而美国经济正受到来自长期失业的困扰。
There's a lot to like about the policy; it sustains private demand and reduces consumer uncertainty while reducing the incidence of the long-term unemployment that now afflicts the American economy.
服务政策描述了服务消费者或者提供者所必须坚持或者提供的原则和义务。
Service policy describes assertions and obligations that service consumers or providers must adhere to or provide.
一些音乐产业公司也承认了这点。但他们坚持认为“胡萝卜加大棒政策”是改变消费者习惯的关键。
Music industry groups concede that too, but they insist the combination of carrot and stick is the key to changing consumer behaviour.
不断上涨的油价，交通拥堵以及航空上更严格的税收政策会阻碍消费者们从根本上减少他们对汽车，是的，还有本国航空的依赖性。
Rising oil prices, road congestion and tougher tax policy on aviation will force consumers to radically reduce their dependency on car and, yes, domestic air travel.
西班牙银行认为，此举对于体制的净效应是中立的，因为它同时也限制了不良消费者贷款政策。
The Bank of Spain maintains that the net effect on the system will be neutral since it is also tightening rules for bad consumer loans.
联储的政策直接同时影响消费者和商业信贷。
Federal Reserve policy directly affects both consumer and business lending.
更重要的是增加食品供应的政策，降低成本，对低收入的消费者给予财政补贴。
What's more important would be the policy to increase food supplies, and to reduce costs and provide fiscal subsidies for low income consumers.
此种政策不断野心勃勃地涌出，消费者的账单亦随之增长。
As such policies grow in ambition, so does the bill to consumers.
上有政策，下有对策。从那以后，食品加工者就想处了五花八门的手段来规避标识规则已达到迷惑引诱消费者的目的。
But since then, food makers have devised all sorts of creative ways to circumvent labeling regulations - and to confuse and seduce consumers.
这个政策在2009年末恰好到期了，但同时这也明显促使消费者超前消费。
This duly expired on schedule at the end of 2009, but meanwhile created an obvious incentive for consumers to bring forward purchases.
大路化的主体故事是，过去20年来，在央行奋不顾身避免通胀的纵容政策下，美英消费者借了太多的贷款。
The common narrative is that consumers in Britain and America were allowed to build up too much debt over the past 20 years by central bankers who were desperate to avoid recession.
即使小排量汽车购置税继续减半，但如果消费者开始把减税措施看作是长期性的、因此购买汽车不再那么迫切，优惠政策就可能不会刺激销售实现今年这样的高速增长。
Even if it does, it may not lead to such high sales growth if consumers start to see the tax cut as permanent, and hence car purchases as less urgent.
“英特尔的价格折扣政策是合法的，这种商业做法在充满生机的市场环境中有利于消费者，”他说。
"Intel's pricing and rebate policies are legitimate, pro-consumer business practices in a vibrant market setting," he said.
政策制度、技术进步和喜新厌旧的消费者是推动此次变革的动力。
The change is being driven by regulations, technical improvements and fickle consumers.
虽然无法准确预测至今40年后的物价，但通过这一项最详细的考试演习，气候变化的政策也会影响英国的消费者。
Although it is impossible to precisely predict prices four decades from now, the exercise is one of the most detailed examinations yet of the impact of climate change policies on UK consumers.
在通货紧缩的日本能够目睹消费者价格上升比率在0%到2%之间(非官方的目标是1%)之前，接近零利率的政策将不会有所松动(就像它一直以来一样)。
Until deflationary Japan sees consumer prices rise between 0% and 2% (with an unofficial aim of 1%), the near-zero policy rate will remain (as it has done for ages).
再加上各种各样的税收减免、抵免政策，如果不是经济危机闹得人心惶惶，如今可算是消费者的黄金时期了。 “Nottomention…”引导从句大家再熟悉不过了，意为“更不用提……”。
Not to mention there is a whole range of tax breaks available.
事实如此，现在所面临的挑战是说服消费者和政策制定者。
The challenge is now to convince consumers and policy-makers that this is the case.
美国的政策制定者将需要找到增加国内储蓄的方法，缩减联邦财政赤字，减少美国消费者严重依赖信贷的消费方式，抑制石油的进口。
US policymakers will need to find ways to increase domestic savings, shrink the federal deficit, reduce the heavy reliance of American consumers on credit and curb oil imports.
其次，个人强制保险可以被替换成其他诸如迫使消费者去买保险的胡萝卜加大棒政策。
For another, the individual mandate can be replaced with other policies—a mix of carrots and sticks to get punters to buy insurance—that imitate it.
政策制定者们正加大力度警示消费者肥胖的危险。
Policymakers are stepping up their campaigns to warn consumers about the dangers of obesity.
国家制定有关消费者权益的法律、法规和政策时，应当听取消费者的意见和要求。
The state shall listen to consumers' opinions and demands when formulating laws, regulations and policies relating to the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.
清楚的是在财政稳定的目标和竞争政策的原则间存在着紧张的关系。竞争政策的原则坚持求大于供是没有效率并且不能为消费者很好的服务。
There is clearly some tension between financial-stability goals and the tenets of competition policy, which hold that oligopolies are inefficient and serve consumers badly.
清楚的是在财政稳定的目标和竞争政策的原则间存在着紧张的关系。竞争政策的原则坚持求大于供是没有效率并且不能为消费者很好的服务。
There is clearly some tension between financial-stability goals and the tenets of competition policy, which hold that oligopolies are inefficient and serve consumers badly.
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