在18年的研究基础上，史密斯和他的论文合作者揭示出，海底生态系统的变化可以是几星期到几个月以内的短期变化，同时也可以是长达几年甚至几十年的长期变化。
Based on 18 years of studies, Smith and his coauthors show that such ecosystem changes occur over short time scales of weeks to months, as well as over longer periods of years to decades.
因此计划需要进行修改：将大量的二氧化碳放入海底会扰乱海洋的生态系统。
The plan needed revision: Releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide into the ocean can upset the ocean's ecosystem.
里贝塞博士特别感兴趣的是生态系统中翼足类的作用，它也被称作海底蝴蝶。
Dr Riebesell is particularly interested in the ecosystem role of pteropods, also called sea butterflies.
这些史前生态系统已经存在约4亿年，支撑着约三分之一的所有海洋生物，尽管只占栖息在海底的0.2%。
These prehistoric ecosystems have been around for 400million years and support one third of all Marine life, despite only inhabiting 0.2 per cent of the ocean floor.
“海洋生态系统是由多种资源孕育而非单一依靠冰川，”胡德说，“例如，洋面上升是一种自然循环现象，富含养分的冷水从海底升起，滋养了海面的生物。 但是，由于冰川的融化而导致大量淡水突如其来涌入海洋，这可能会破坏洋流的正常循环。”
But a sudden influx of fresh water from melting ice could also disrupt the ocean currents that drive upwelling.
海底生物群——生活在沉积物上和沉积物里的动物——构成了这个巨大的生态系统。
The benthos -- the animals living on and in the sediments -- populate this vast ecosystem.
他们预言，在海底开采金、银、铜将成为下一个最大的生态灾难，因为海底脆弱的海洋生态系统是我们知之甚少的边界。
The fragile marineecosystem of the sea floor is a frontier that we know very little about
它摧毁红树林的生态系统和海湾中的海底生物。
It has destroyed the mangrove ecosystem and Marine life in the bay.
有污染在海岛的海滩附近漫延几英里，但是其中的大多数散布到海洋浮游生态系统，并且有散布到海底的可能。
Oil contamination spread over several miles of shoreline on the Island, but much of it dispersed into the pelagic ecosystem offshore and likely to the seabed.
这群潜水员试图证明，在不改变生态系统的前提下，人类在海底生活是可行的。
The group is trying to demonstrate that it is possible to colonize the seabed without changing the ecosystem.
在上世纪70年代末，来自俄勒冈州州立大学的一个研究小组意外的发现了在太平洋海底的一个排气口周围拥有完整且兴旺的生态系统。
In the late 1970s, a team of researchers from Oregon State University unexpectedly discovered whole ecosystems thriving around a hot vent on the Pacific seafloor.
这种方法不仅花费昂贵，而且也容易破坏海底脆弱的生态系统。
This method, though, is expensive and does damage to the fragile ecosystems on the ocean floor.
这种方法不仅花费昂贵，而且也容易破坏海底脆弱的生态系统。
This method, though, is expensive and does damage to the fragile ecosystems on the ocean floor.
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