汉语称谓以亲属称谓为基点。
Chinese language appellation system takes the relatives appellation terms as the base.
如果直接把汉语称谓语移植到英语中，往往会引起意想不到的文化困惑甚至震惊。
The direct transformation of Chinese personal appellations into English will more often than not invite unexpected feeling of cultural confusion and even shock.
汉语称谓词来源和构成形式多种多样，不同的称谓词可以表现不同的态度和感情。
Chinese appellations vary in their origin and formation with different attitudes and feelings they express.
汉语称谓语丰富繁杂、分类精细、指称具体，而英语称谓语宽泛笼统、分类单一、语义模糊。
Chinese kinship-term-system is well formed and each term is of a specific referential meaning, while English one is relatively general in meaning.
第一部分，主要对称谓语研究历史和现状进行整体的梳理，并对“汉语称谓语”进行界说和分类。
The first part: giving a general view of historic and present conditions on study of address terms, and giving the definition of Chinese address terms.
在现代汉语称谓方式中，夫妻双方中的一方在与其他亲属对话时，通常是以听话者的称谓视点来指称自己的配偶。
In modem Chinese appellation ways, one of the spouses talking with other relatives, usually refers to their spouses from the listener 'appellation viewpoint.
本文从四个方面总结汉语称谓的特征，从文化传播、语用含义和语篇意义对等的角度来探讨汉语称谓英译的可行性。
The paper Outlines four points about its characteristics and studies the feasibility of their Chinese-English translation. in the light of culture transfer, pragmatic and textual equivalence.
比如在英语口语中称谓从正式到随便有很多方式，但如果像汉语那样只叫姓，是错误的。
Such as in the oral English appellation from formal to literally have a lot of ways, but if only call name, like Chinese is wrong.
借词是语言接触的必然结果，蒙古语亲属称谓词中的汉语借词反映了蒙、汉两个民族在婚姻家庭层面上的影响特点。
Loanword is the inevitable result of language contact. Mongolian Kinsfolk appellation words of Chinese loanword reflect the characteristics of marriage influence between Mongolian and Han.
“妈妈”一词在现代汉语方言中有着广泛的内涵，这是方言称谓词张力的体现。
The term "mamma" is richly connotative in the dialects of contemporary Han language (Chinese), which shows the tension of appellation term in dialects.
这种自我调节的力量和机制，使得汉语夫妻称谓系统完成由一种平衡向另一种平衡的一次次过渡。
This kind of regulative system makes Chinese couple' s appellations change from one kind of balance to the other kind.
第三部分论述形成汉语亲属称谓两个显著特征的社会历史文化背景。
The last section discusses the social, historical and cultural background, which gives rise to two characteristics of Chinese relative appellation.
英语和汉语的称谓词差别太大了。
English and Chinese are so different in the addressing terms.
在现代汉语中，除称谓名词、兼属量词的名词可以重叠外，还有一定数量的名词可以重叠使用。
In modern Chinese language, in addition to title word, and belonging to the word of the quantity phrase and canning lap over, still there is the word of the certain quantity can lap over the usage.
文章选择了“兄”“弟”“姊”“妹”四个称谓词，指出在辞书编纂、汉语史研究和古籍整理方面存在的问题。
The article takes "Xiong", "Di", "Zi", "Mei" as an example to make a comprehensive study on compiling dictionaries, researching Chinese language history and keeping ancient books.
不同语种的称谓语都与各自的民族文化相互影响，相互制约，汉语和韩语都具有各自的特点。
The appellation in different languages with their own national culture influenced and constraints each other, Chinese and Korean have their own characteristics.
汉语中有形式多样的称谓并用现象，这种现象的产生既有社会原因，也有历史的和心理的原因。
There are various sets of reference terms in contemporary Chinese, which has social, historical and psychological reasons.
社交语用失误主要表现在评论型招呼语不常使用，称谓型招呼语使用不符合汉语习惯；
Social Pragmatic Failure mainly perform that comments greeting do not use usually, the title-based greeting does not meet the Chinese habit;
语言是民族文化的载体，英、汉语言各自独特的亲属称谓体系，显示出两种不同的文化特征。
Language is the carrier of national cultures. The kinship address systems of the English and Chinese languages have different cultural features.
本文将搜集到的一些汉语校园头衔称谓语的翻译进行对比发现了校园头衔称谓翻译的混乱。
Some C-E translations of university title appellation terms were compared and the chaotic situation of present translation was found out.
从汉语言亲属称谓、姓名、通用称谓、职衔和职业称谓的使用情况入手，讨论其文化内涵。
This thesis makes an analysis of the culture connotation in the respective use of family appellation, name, common appellation, rank and occupation appellation in Chinese context.
第二部分通过现代汉语普通话与各地方言亲属称谓的比较，论证汉语亲属称谓的第二个显著特征；
The second section demonstrates the second characteristic of Mandarin relative appellation by making a comparison between relative appellation of modern Mandarin and several dialects.
汉语中的 单音节亲属称谓语“爷”“婆”“哥”“嫂”“姐”“妹”“弟”等能像后缀一样构成新词，多用于指称从事某一行业或具有某一特征的人。
Some monosyllabic Chinese kin terms can be used to form neologisms referring to people of a profession or with special characteristics.
该文详细介绍了现代汉语的称谓体系和英语国家的称谓习俗，总结了英汉称谓语的相同点与不同点，并就英汉称呼语的翻译进行了比较和归纳。
Meanwhile, it sums up the similarities and differences of English and Chinese forms of address and compares their translation. It will be helpful to English learners.
方言调查发现，汉语方言中普遍存在着亲属称谓词的变读现象。
There exists commonly the varying reading of the words to call relatives in dialect.
希望透过汉语与泰语亲属称谓的差异层面，我们可以窥见两种语言背后的民族文化的个性特征。
Another is to help Thai people, who learn Chinese to have a better understanding in the relative words as well as Chinese cultural.
汉语拟亲属称谓纷繁复杂，而英语中虽然也有拟亲属称谓，但并不多见，这就给汉英翻译带来了困难。
Chinese has a relatively large number of complex fictive kinship terms, while there is no such an address system in English, which sets up a barrier in the CE translation.
汉语拟亲属称谓纷繁复杂，而英语中虽然也有拟亲属称谓，但并不多见，这就给汉英翻译带来了困难。
Chinese has a relatively large number of complex fictive kinship terms, while there is no such an address system in English, which sets up a barrier in the CE translation.
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