于此同时，我们的直立姿势使得气管和食管出于一个近乎垂直的位置。
Simultaneously, our upright posture put the trachea and esophagus in a near-vertical orientation.
在大多数动物身上，气管和食管是分开的，食管在气管的下面。
In most animals, the trachea (the passage for air) and the esophagus (the passage for food) are oriented such that the esophagus is below the trachea.
气管位于所有有气管的动物的食管前面，而且所有动物都有一条和肺连接的气管。
The windpipe is situated in front of the oesophagus in all animals that have a windpipe , and all animals have one that are.
我们认为，气管—食管造瘘术并应用发音管所建立的气管—食管言语基本满足了日常生活对话需要，是全喉切除后言语重建的一种有效的方法。
We believe that the te speech may satisfy the needs of daily social communication and that tne te fistula with using voice prosthesis is an effective method of alaryngeal speech rehabilitation.
气管、食管及颈总动脉受侵是姑息切除肿瘤的主要原因，局部复发是主要的死亡原因。
Tumor invasion in trachea, esophagus, and carotid are the main reasons of palliative surgery. Local relapse is lethal.
目的探讨先天性食管闭锁伴气管食管瘘围术期的呼吸管理，以减少肺部并发症发生，提高治愈率。
Objective To investigate the respiratory management of the perioperative patients with congenital esophageal atresia accompanied by tracheo-esophageal fistula.
目的探讨螺旋CT对先天性食管闭锁并气管食管瘘的诊断价值。
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of helical ct in congenital esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (CEA-TEF).
本文对9例全喉切除术后行气管—食管造瘘术并应用发音管发音的患者进行言语评价及声学测试。
Evaluations of tracheoesophageal (TE) speech and acoustic analysis of TE voice were studied on 9 laryngectomees with TE fistula and using voice prosthesis for speech rehabilitation.
目的评价CT检查和放射治疗对食管癌和气管食管沟淋巴结转移的诊断、治疗价值和疗效。
Objective To evaluate the value and effect of ct and radiotherapy in diagnosis of tracheoesophageal groove lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer.
回流食管和气管颈段中后部血液的静脉汇入食管气管静脉干；
Veins of the madial-caudal cervical segment of the esophagus and trachea were drained into the esophatracheal vein trunk.
目的探讨严重烧伤伴吸入性损伤患者气管切开术后发生气管食管瘘的危险因素及防治方法。
Objective To explore the risk factors and treatments of tracheoesophageal fistula after tracheotomy in severe burn patients complicated with inhalation injury.
喉罩和探针插管法失败后：食管-气管导管可以作为医院内紧急气道处理的备选安全设备。
Laryngeal mask airway and bougie intubation failures: the combitube as a secondary rescue device for in-hospital emergency airway management.
结论永久性部分覆膜镍钛合金内支架置入术是消化道恶性梗阻和食管-支气管瘘的有效治疗方法，操作简便，安全性高。
Conclusion it is an effective, easy and safe method to treat malignant obstruction of digestive tract or esophago-bronchial fistula using partially covered nickel-titanium alloy stent.
目的：探讨食管壁内支气管囊肿的诊断和外科治疗。
Objective: To study the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital bronchogenic cyst of the esophagus.
本文报告一例非常罕见的食管壁内支气管组织残留所致的先天性狭窄。
This paper report a very rare case of congenital esophageal stenosis due to tracheobronchial remnants.
结论内镜下置入带膜支架是治疗晚期食管癌合并食管-气管瘘病人的一种有效方法。
Conclusions: Endoscopic stent placement for treatment of advanced esophageal cancer with esophageal tracheal fistula one patient an effective method.
目的评估内镜下食管覆膜自膨式金属支架植入术与经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)在气管食管瘘治疗中的应用价值。
Objective to assess the effects of self-expandable metallic stents (covered-SEMS) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in the treatment of tracheoesophageal fistulas.
结论：食管金属支架能有效治疗良恶性食管狭窄和食管气管瘘，提高患者的生活质量。
Conclusions: the benign and malignant esophageal stenosis, and esophago-tracheal fistula can be treated with esophageal metallic stent effectively, and the patients' quality of life is much improved.
结论甲状腺手术识别喉返神经的五种解剖标志中，以甲状软骨下角尖(或环甲关节)和甲状腺悬韧带较可靠，其次为甲状腺下极、甲状腺下动脉和气管食管沟。
Conclusion the inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and the suspensory ligament of thyroid gland are most reliable as the anatomical landmarks for recognizing the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
气管瘘口、气管食管分流口感染和咽瘘是影响发音重建成功的重要因素。
The effective rate was affected obviously by neck infection and pharyngeal fistula formation.
术前CT检查对食管癌气管、支气管、隆凸浸润早期的诊断，并不能作为放弃手术治疗的依据。
Operatablity did not completely depend on the invasion of the trachea, bronchus and carina of esophageal carcinoma performed with CT.
方法：1996年6月-1998年6月作者使用国产自膨式食管支架，对106例食管良恶性疾病所致的食管梗阻及食管，气管瘘进行治疗。
Methods: One hundred and six benign and malignant esophageal stenosisand esophagotracheal fistula were treated by Ni-Ti self - expanding stent since June 1996 to June1998.
方法：1996年6月-1998年6月作者使用国产自膨式食管支架，对106例食管良恶性疾病所致的食管梗阻及食管，气管瘘进行治疗。
Methods: One hundred and six benign and malignant esophageal stenosisand esophagotracheal fistula were treated by Ni-Ti self - expanding stent since June 1996 to June1998.
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