用于修饰或说明一科学分支中的概念，其中涉及到自由电子流的运动、发射和性能等，特别是在真空、气体或光电管和特定的导体或半导体中电子的运动。

Pertaining to that branch of science dealing with the motion, emission, and behavior of currents of free electrons, especially in vacuum, gas, or phototubes and special conductors or semiconductors.

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用于修饰或说明一科学分支中的概念，其中涉及到自由电子流的运动、发射和性能等，特别是在真空、气体或光电管和特定的导体或半导体中电子的运动。

Pertaining to that branch of science dealing with the motion, emission, and behavior of currents of free electrons, especially in vacuum, gas, or phototubes and special conductors or semiconductors.

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