想想卡尔·齐默周二在《科学时报》上发表的文章中描述的果蝇实验吧。
Consider the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the Science Times on Tuesday.
尽管这项研究是在低级的果蝇上进行，这个原则很可能适用于许多动物。
Although the study was conducted in a lowly fruit fly, the principles were very likely apply to many animals.
小白鼠身上的试验已经被重复了很多次，并扩展到从酵母到果蝇、蠕虫、鱼、蜘蛛、老鼠和仓鼠等各种生物。
The rat findings have been replicated many times and extended to creatures ranging from yeast to fruit flies, worms, fish, spiders, mice and hamsters.
果蝇在家中招人讨厌，但却是一个历史悠久的实验对象。通过研究果蝇，科学家们得以揭开胚胎发育的秘密。
Studying the fruit fly, a household nuisance but a time-honored experimental subject, has enabled the secrets of how embryos develop to begin to be unraveled by scientists.
在许多动物中，以及在诸如果蝇卵的孵化乃至松鼠跑动的转轮这样的生物活动中，这种变化趋势一直受到广泛的研究。
This drift has been studied extensively in many animals and in biological activities ranging from the hatching of fruit fly eggs to wheel running by squirrels.
例如，在果蝇身上，研究人员发现了基因震荡器，这种突变导致果蝇在麻醉下剧烈摇晃。
For example, in the fruit fly, researchers have identified the gene Shaker, mutations in which cause flies to shake violently under anesthesia.
对果蝇的新研究给了我们不错的答案。
同时饥饿的果蝇寿命也更长。
农业学家也考虑过用寄生蜂来控制果蝇。
Agricultural scientists have also looked at controlling fruit flies with parasitic wasps.
接着他们就测量这只果蝇记忆消退的速度。
Then they measured how quickly the flies' memories seemed to disappear.
我们用果蝇来做假设。
这些果蝇生理失衡，失去了记忆；它们痴呆了。
The flies lost their balance and their memory; they could no longer learn.
果蝇也要睡觉。
他们比较了果蝇、海胆、公鸡、鱼类和人类的基因。
They compared sperm from a fruit fly, sea urchin, rooster, fish and human.
果蝇眼睛的电子显微图
还有一些老鼠与果蝇的寿命超过了900天，他补充道。
Some of the mice and flies lived for more than 900 days, he added.
那些不吃苦味水果的果蝇被认为是吸取了经验。
Flies that avoided the fruit which had been bitter were deemed to have learned from their experience.
这也是拿果蝇作为研究人类的模型的另一大原因。
This is one more reason why the fruit fly is a great model for studying humans.
这个研究团队最新的研究不是在人类身上进行的，而是果蝇。
The team's latest work draws not on human subjects, but on fruit flies.
实验室研究发现：改变单个基因就能延长蠕虫和果蝇的寿命。
Laboratory research has shown that altering single genes can extended the lifespan of species of worms and fruit flies.
他们发现，饥饿的果蝇比吃饱的果蝇清醒的时间长。
They found that starving fruit flies spent more time awake than satiated flies did.
这种细菌还使果蝇更健康、更活跃，同时增强了它们的肌肉活性。
The bacteria also made the flies fitter and healthier, more active and increased their muscle activity.
但很多人是从果蝇、大鼠和猴子这些更复杂的生物开始进行研究的。
But people were beginning to do this in flies, in rats, and in monkeys-more complicated organisms.
他比凤蝶（3.6），果蝇（1.8）及大黄蜂（2.5）更为高效。
This makes them more efficient than swallowtail butterflies (3.6), fruit flies (1.8) and bumble bees (2.5).
“我认为这篇论文只是很好地表明果蝇可以分辨氘和非氘气味，”她说。
"I think this paper nicely demonstrates that flies can tell deuterated and non-deuterated odors apart," she says.
重复这个试验30代后，具学习能力的果蝇后代和正常的果蝇进行对比。
After repeating the experiment for 30 generations, the offspring of the learned flies were compared with normal flies.
重复这个试验30代后，具学习能力的果蝇后代和正常的果蝇进行对比。
After repeating the experiment for 30 generations, the offspring of the learned flies were compared with normal flies.
应用推荐