他们把望远镜转向附近的其他星系。
天文学家们发现了一个遥远的星系。
这就使得科学家推测还有其他星系存在。
This has led scientists to speculate on the existence of other galaxies.
星系往往聚集形成星团。
从该星系中心接收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。
Radio signals received from the galaxy's centre back up the black hole theory.
这个定律被普遍认为同样适用于至少数十亿光年之远的星系。
This law is known to hold true for galaxies at a distance of at least several billion light years.
这是一个星系还是两个？
上图中几乎每一个模糊的黄色斑块都是一个完整的星系。
Almost every fuzzy yellow patch in the above image is an entire galaxy.
只有拥有球形膨胀物质的星系才可能容纳超大质量的黑洞。
Only galaxies with a spherical bulge—like component appear to accommodate supermassive black holes.
在一个给定的星系中，这些恒星的数量远远超过其他恒星。
These stars vastly outnumber the other stars in a given galaxy.
巴特勒说：“这个星系内部有一堆岩石，有点像类地行星。”
"The galaxy has an inner clutch of rocky, sort of terrestrial-like planets," Butler says.
这一推理路线是一个令人兴奋的螺旋星系结构新理论的基础。
This line of reasoning underlies an exciting new theory of spiral-galaxy structure.
根据先前的推测，这些气体束是在一次星系的爆炸中炸出来的。
According to previous speculation, these strands were gases that had been blown out by an explosion in the galaxy.
这些星系可能为宇宙中长期存在的缺少重子质量这一谜题提供了答案。
These galaxies may constitute an answer to the long-standing puzzle of the missing baryonic mass in the universe.
银河系是地球所在的星系，而我们大多数人从未见过它，这不是很奇怪吗？
Isn't that strange that the Milky Way is the galaxy that the planet earth is in, and most of us have never seen it?
物理学家费边推断，当星系间的气体冷却时，较冷的气体向星系中心收缩。
The physicist Fabian reasoned that as intergalactic gas cools, the cooler gas shrinks inward toward the center of the galaxy.
在这些星系中，“星系间降雨”的数量足以使它们的质量在形成的时间内翻倍。
The amount of "intergalactic rainfall" into some of these galaxies has been enough to double their mass in the time since they formed.
直到最近，大多数天文学家都认为我们宇宙中星系之间的空间是近乎完美的真空。
Until recently most astronomers believed that the space between the galaxies in our universe was a near-perfect vacuum.
大多数天文学家认为，星系中心的大量物质是一个黑洞，它的引力导致气体旋转。
Most astronomers believe that the large concentration of mass at the galaxy's center is a black hole whose gravity is causing the gas to whirl.
在数十亿年的时间里，这些气体被引力压缩成星系、恒星、植物，最终甚至变成了人类。
Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.
我们的银河系实在庞大，吸引着数十个较小的星系环绕着它奔跑，恰似环绕巨大行星旋转的卫星。
Our galaxy is so huge that dozens of lesser galaxies scamper about it, like moons orbiting a giant planet.
然而，通过光谱学测量，宇宙中氦的数量表明，宇宙中重子的数量要比基于星系光度所估计的要多得多。
However, the amount of helium in the universe, as measured by spectroscopy, suggests that there are far more baryons in the universe than estimates based on galactic luminosity indicate.
天文学家长期以来都在推测，最终可能会在星际空间或者是在难以探测的大量星系中发现丢失的重子质量。
Astronomers have long speculated that the missing baryonic mass might eventually be discovered in intergalactic space or as some large population of galaxies that are difficult to detect.
太空中几乎所有的天体都发射无线电波，无论是附近的恒星，还是遥远星系中的天体，它们都会发射无线电波。
Nearly all astronomical objects in space emit radio waves, whether nearby stars, objects in far away galaxies, they all give off radio waves.
从可见光扩展到无线电波，再到X 射线和伽马射线，天文学总是会发现不寻常的物体，如射电星系、类星体和脉冲星。
The extension of astronomy from visible light to radio waves to x-rays and gamma rays never failed to lead to the discovery of unusual objects such as radio galaxies, quasars, and pulsars.
最终的结果是一股持续的气体流，开始是星系间的热气体，结束时是一股被称为“冷却流”的少量冷气体，落入星系中央。
The net result is a continuous flow of gas, starting as hot gases in intergalactic space and ending as a drizzle of cool gas called a "cooling flow," falling into the central galaxy.
在我们的星系中，超过10亿颗恒星已经耗尽了它们的内部能量来源，因此无法再产生恒星所需的热量来对抗向内的引力。
Upwards of a billion stars in our galaxy have burnt up their internal energy sources, and so can no longer produce the heat a star needs to oppose the inward force of gravity.
最近的发现有力地支持了这样一种理论，即银河系中心，和宇宙中估计存在的1000亿个其他星系中的许多里有一个黑洞。
Recent findings lend strong support to the theory that a black hole lies at the center of the Milky Way and of many of the 100 billion other galaxies estimated to exist in the universe.
由于我们这样的行星的寿命是几十亿年，我们可以预测，如果我们星系中有其他生物生存，它们的年龄将从零到几十亿岁不等。
Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years.
比尔和他的团队使用一种被称为“活动镜”的光学仪器，这是一种在天文望远镜的种类中用来发现新出现的恒星和遥远星系的仪器。
Bille and his team work with an optical instrument called an active mirror—a device used in astronomical telescopes to spot newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies.
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