工业品除在有形市场交易外，很多是通过批发商的主导作用在无形的市场上，通过合同及现代通讯手段完成商品流通交换的。
Except trading in the tangible market, the industrial products can be traded in the intangible market by contract and modern communication.
我们发现，双边效应使得批发价合同下的回收价格小于系统最优回收价格，从而导致废旧产品数量供应不足。
It is verified that the collection price in the decentralized case is lower than the centralized one thus an insufficient core supply occurs.
我们发现，双边效应使得批发价合同下的回收价格小于系统最优回收价格，从而导致废旧产品数量供应不足。
It is verified that the collection price in the decentralized case is lower than the centralized one thus an insufficient core supply occurs.
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