医生们都知道尼古丁有成瘾性，也有治疗的良策。
Doctors knew that nicotine was addictive, and they had ways to treat the addiction.
有人可能认为抽烟从本质上说就具有成瘾性。
One could argue that smoking, by its very nature, is addictive.
这些可长期使用，没有任何副作用，无成瘾性。
These can be used long term, have no side effects and are non-addictive.
吸烟是导致死亡、发病和成瘾性失调的一个主要原因。
Smoking is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity and addictive disorder.
因为中枢神经系统可除去此作用，故无副作用和成瘾性。
And since the central nervous system is taken out of the equation, there would be no side effects and no addictive qualities.
我们脑中的愉悦中枢因为成瘾性的药物或我们所爱的甜食而启动。
The pleasure centers in your brain are activated by both addictive drugs and the sweets we so love.
研究者发现大脑皮层中心的活动跟成就感与成瘾性有典型的相关性。
Researchers saw activity in the brain's mesocorticolimbic centre, the region they said is typically associated with reward and addiction.
一项初步研究表明，人们沉迷于日光浴中时，会诱发成瘾性的神经系统奖赏和适应现象。
A pilot study suggests people hooked on tanning beds may be victims of an addictive neurological reward-and-reinforcement trigger.
最近来自耶鲁大学的一份关于对特定食物也存在成瘾性的最新实验证据引起了广泛地关注。
The latest evidence suggesting that food addiction really does exist comes from a small study at Yale that has gotten major league attention.
例如，有文件表明，烟草公司对其内部研究人员所提供的关于尼古丁成瘾性证据视若无睹。
The companies were shown, for instance, to have cynically disregarded evidence from their in-house researchers about the addictive properties of nicotine.
考虑到尼古丁的成瘾性，从2018年开始FDA也将在电子烟上贴上警示标识。
The FDA will also require a warning label one-cigarettes, starting August 2018, regarding the addictive nature of nicotine.
相反，成瘾性的治疗旨在改变药物或食物种类预期价值的，也可能证明有更多有效性。
Instead, treatments designed to modify the expected value of the drug or food type may prove more effective.
我们知道成瘾行为与一些大脑的系统有关，但我们并不知道是什么维持着人对香烟的成瘾性。
A number of brain systems have been implicated in addictive behavior, but none have yet been shown to be necessary for maintaining the addiction to cigarette smoking.
大脑中增强对物质依赖的神经通路也能增强对科技的依赖行为，这种行为同样具有成瘾性和潜在的破坏性。
The same neural pathways in the brain that reinforce dependence on substances can reinforce compulsive technology behaviors that are just as addictive and potentially destructive.
因为吸烟有成瘾性，很多患者很难戒烟成功。但是，目前我们有很多措施来帮助患者戒烟，这是一个优势。
A lot of people have trouble quitting smoking because it is an addiction but the advantage of quitting smoking is that there is a lot of help now for that.
他补充说：“我们的研究结果提示，虽然注意偏倚可以用来提示药物的动态反应，它没有为成瘾性的治疗提供一个可靠的指标。”
He added: "Our results suggest that while attentional bias can be used to indicate drug motivation, it does not provide a credible target for the treatment of addiction."
成瘾是精神活性物质长期作用于大脑而产生的神经适应性改变，而成瘾性物质的奖赏效应则被认为是产生精神依赖的最主要原因。
Past investigations indicated that rewarding effect of abusive drugs is considered as the major reason, which results in addiction especially psychological dependence.
约42%的暴食者肥胖，而没有这些行为的人只有18%肥胖，Kessler说，估计有超过7千万人有不同程度的成瘾性暴食。
Some 42 percent of them were obese compared to 18 percent without those behaviors, says Kessler, who estimates that up to 70 million people have some degree of conditioned hypereating.
例如，人类对苦涩的咖啡或呛人的烟草存在天生的反感，但就是这些物质会让人有成瘾性，成瘾之后这些原本入不得口的东西会变得怡人起来。
For example, humans also have natural aversions to the bitterness of coffee or the harshness of tobacco, but those substances have some addictive qualities, which might make them desirable.
例如，人类对苦涩的咖啡或呛人的烟草存在天生的反感，但就是这些物质会让人有成瘾性，成瘾之后这些原本入不得口的东西会变得怡人起来。
For example, humans also have natural aversions to the bitterness of coffee or the harshness of tobacco, but those substances have some addictive qualities, which might make them desirable.
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