几个新兴市场(尤其是波罗的海国家和土耳其)出现了巨额经常账户赤字,它们依靠低成本资金的流入来弥补这些赤字。
Several emerging markets, in particular the Baltic states and Turkey, run large current account deficits and depend on inflows of cheap capital to finance these deficits.
两类监狱的管理人员都关注盈亏底线,但是,在公立监狱,消减成本的激励更加锋利,因为盈利流入直接获益的所有者的口袋。
Managers of both care about the bottom line, but the incentive to cut costs is sharper in private prisons, because the profits flow into the pockets of owners who benefit directly.
然而,如果市场结构是内生的,由于资本流入导致新企业进入市场,从而提高了企业的平均成本,这样,资本流入反而会有贫困化效应。
However, if the market structure is endogenous, then a capital inflow tends to be immiserizing because it increases entry and lets firms increase their average cost.
与最近几年相比,流入新兴市场国家的资金量已经增加,借贷成本也下降了许多。
Capital flows to emerging market countries have increased, and borrowing costs are much lower, compared with recent years.
与最近几年相比,流入新兴市场国家的资金量已经增加,借贷成本也下降了许多。
Capital flows to emerging market countries have increased, and borrowing costs are much lower, compared with recent years.
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