情绪劳动不是与特定环境有关的。
情绪劳动会导致睡眠困难和家庭冲突。
Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict.
女性做的情绪劳动只有在没有做的时候才会被注意到。
The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done.
与家务劳动一样，情绪劳动通常被忽视，也不会被称为工作。
Like domestic labor, emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work.
数百名女性讲述了她们自己在情绪劳动方面的经历：她们被期望承担的责任，却没有被人们注意到。
Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor: the duties that are expected of them, but go unnoticed.
表面行为是“情绪劳动”的一个典型例子，作家杰西·齐默尔曼在2015年的一篇文章中让人们熟悉了这一概念。
Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor," a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.
目的了解广州市监狱基层男性警察的情绪劳动状况。
Objective Understand the emotional labor of Guangzhou male prison basic-level male police conditions.
近年来情绪劳动一直是组织行为学的热点研究领域。
In recent year, emotional labor has been a focused topic of organization behavior area.
第三，情绪耗竭在情绪劳动与心理健康之间起中介作用。
Thirdly, emotional exhaustion acts as the mediator between the emotional labor and mental health.
情绪劳动各维度对压力反应各维度具有不同程度的预测作用。
The different dimensions of the emotional labor have different degree' s effect on different dimensions of stress reaction.
情绪劳动对服务型组织中的一线客服员工有着重要的影响作用。
Emotional labor plays a significant influence on the front tie customer service staff.
评断某一工种是否需要情绪劳动的主要标准是其和大众联系的频率。
The primary criterion for inclusion as a job requiring high emotional labor was frequency of contact with the public.
以前的研究工作表明情绪劳动和工作满意度之间存在着消极的关系。
Previous theoretical work on emotional labor suggests a negative relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction.
实际上，霍顿（1993）发现情绪劳动和工作满意度存在着肯定的关系。
In fact, Wharton (1993) found that high emotional labor was positively related to job satisfaction.
大多数以前的情绪劳动研究集中于情绪劳动对员工的心理安宁的潜在消极结果。
The bulk of the previous research on emotional labor has focused on the potential negative consequences of emotional labor for the psychological well-being of employees.
反而，我们主张在情绪劳动中对工作满意度起消极作用的关键因素是情感不和谐。
Instead. We contend that key dimension of emotional labor that is negative associated with job satisfaction is emotional dissonance.
情绪劳动是组织行为学的新兴研究领域，也是当今企业界和人力资源管理中的重要课题。
The emotional labor is an emerging research area of the behavior study, is also an important topic in the business community and the human resource management now.
第二，情绪劳动的深度行为维度与抑郁和焦虑存在显著相关，并且可以预测抑郁和焦虑。
Secondly, there exits remarkable relevance between deep acting and depression, anxiety and deep acting may forecast depression and anxiety.
阿德尔曼的研究对于霍施尔德的关于进行情绪劳动结果的疏远假说分别给出了不同的结论。
Adelmann (1989) found mixed support for Hochschild's alienation hypothesis about the consequences of performing emotional labor.
究其实质，情绪劳动是教师在其专业规范和情绪法则的限制下必须从事的一类情绪管理工作。
In nature, teachers' emotional labor means teachers have to manage their emotional activities in accordance with the professional norms of teaching and the emotional rules.
在此背景下，情绪劳动作为组织提高服务质量和增加绩效的手段正在受到越来越多的重视和关注。
Under this background, as a way to enhance service quality and organizational performance, emotional labor has been given more and more emphasis.
另外，阿什福斯和赫胥黎（1993）指出进行情绪劳动可能帮助员工在心理上远离不愉快的情形。
In addition, Ashforth and Humphrey(1993) indicated that performing emotional labor may help employees to psychologically distance themselves from unpleasant situations.
结论：如果需要在负情绪(悲伤)状态下展现正情绪(微笑)，深层动作是更积极的情绪劳动方式。
Conclusion: If it is needed to keep smiling under sad experience, deep-action is a positive one.
情绪劳动是近20年来西方组织行为学研究中一个新兴的研究领域，目前业已引起我国学者的研究兴趣。
Many studies on Emotional labor have been done during the past 20 years in western organizational behavior research fields and Chinese researchers have now become interested in it as well.
结论监狱基层男性警察在情绪劳动表现策略中最经常使用的自然表现，其次是深层表现，最后是表面表现。
Conclusion Prison basic-level male police in emotional labor performance strategy, the natural performance is the most frequently used, followed by deep expression, finally is surface performance.
阿什福斯和赫胥黎认为情绪劳动实际上使人们之间的互动更加具有可预测性，而且帮助工人避免尴尬的人际问题。
Ashforth and Humphrey(1993)suggested that emotional labor actually may make interactions more predictable and help workers to avoid embarrassing interpersonal problems.
本研究在分析国内外有关情绪劳动研究文献的基础上，整理情绪劳动的相关概念、理论框架，提出本研究的目的。
This research has raised its research objectives based on cross-national emotional labor literature reviews and collations of related concepts and theories.
本研究在分析国内外有关情绪劳动研究文献的基础上，整理情绪劳动的相关概念、理论框架，提出本研究的目的。
This research has raised its research objectives based on cross-national emotional labor literature reviews and collations of related concepts and theories.
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