因此，职业、昵称、家乡和父亲的名字就用来当作姓氏——例如，富勒特彻和史密夫，利德·希特和斯福特，格林和皮克灵，威肯斯和约翰逊。

So trades, nicknames, places of origin, and fathers' names became fixed surnames - names such as Fletcher and Smith, Redhead and Swift, Green and Pickering, Wilkins and Johnson.

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因此，职业、昵称、家乡和父亲的名字就用来当作姓氏——例如，富勒特彻和史密夫，利德·希特和斯福特，格林和皮克灵，威肯斯和约翰逊。

So trades, nicknames, places of origin, and fathers' names became fixed surnames - names such as Fletcher and Smith, Redhead and Swift, Green and Pickering, Wilkins and Johnson.

youdao