帕特森以古代世界开始，探讨了罗马获得主宰地位，尤其是他们在布匿战争中击败迦太基人的流行解释。

Paterson begins in the ancient world, considering popular explanations for the ascendance of Rome and, in particular, their victory over Carthage in the Punic Wars.

youdao

这是当地一种古老的运输方式，已经有数百年历史，可追溯到第一次布匿战争期间，当时的汉尼拔就曾使用大象。

Supplies and some of its personnel aboard the powerful, plodding elephants which are a form of native transport dating back centuries to Hannibal during the First Punic War.(AP Photo/Horst Faas)

youdao

也就不曾失去过这些地区：前211年罗马重新夺取了卡普阿，因它在第二次布匿战争(前218- 201年)支持汉尼拔而惩罚了这个城市(没有彻底摧毁)。

And did not lose them: Capua was punished (not completely destroyed) in 211 BC for its support of Hannibal in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) after Rome recaptured the city.

youdao

也就不曾失去过这些地区：前211年罗马重新夺取了卡普阿，因它在第二次布匿战争(前218- 201年)支持汉尼拔而惩罚了这个城市(没有彻底摧毁)。

And did not lose them: Capua was punished (not completely destroyed) in 211 BC for its support of Hannibal in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) after Rome recaptured the city.

youdao