公司正在研究基因是如何相互作用的，以此寻找可用来判断疾病的起因或者预测药物功效的基因相关性。
Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.
基因分析表明它对与伤口愈合相关基因的表达也有一定作用。
Gene analysis indicates it also affects the expression of genes involved in wound healing.
有时，那是因为在新的人群中，人们其他的基因作用下的遗传背景掩盖了基因A对抑郁的效应。
Sometimes it is because in the new population, the genetic background for their other genes masks the effect of gene a on depression.
而这两者的水平都由基因调整，相同基因的不同变体也有不同的作用。
And the levels of both are regulated by genes, with different variants of the same underlying gene having different effects.
“偏手性有基因基础，但是同人的其他特征——如身高、体重——一样，十分复杂，”他说，“单独一个基因并不能导致它，环境因素在其中也有很大作用。”
"Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits - height, weight - it is complex," he said. "it's not a single gene that leads to it." There's a strong environmental component, too.
“偏手性有基因基础，但是同人的其他特征——如身高、体重——一样，十分复杂，”他说，“单独一个基因并不能导致它，环境因素在其中也有很大作用。”
"Handedness has a genetic basis, but like other complex traits - height, weight - it is complex," he said. "it's not a single gene that leads to it."There's a strong environmental component, too.
尽管一个个体的大多数细胞都有同一套基因组，但是在每个细胞里不是所有的基因都起作用。
Though most cells in any individual have the same set of genes, not all of these genes are active in any given cell.
他说，下一步是制造一个不在荧光蛋白基因位置断裂而是对疟原虫传播起关键作用的基因。
The next step, he says, is to make HEG break up not the fluorescent protein gene but one that is crucial for malaria transmission.
在某种程度上来说，他们仅是基因而已，行为可能是无数基因相互作用的结果，而这些没有数十年不可能被完全理解的。
To the extent they are genetic at all, behavioural outcomes are probably the result of the interaction of myriad genes in ways that are decades from being fully understood.
数年前，他提炼出一种技术，可以将基因网络“毛团”——对基因交互作用密集纠结的描绘——转化成分层图。
Several years ago, he refined a technique for turning gene-network "hairballs" - densely tangled depictions of gene interaction - into hierarchical maps.
基因“开关”涉及乙酰化作用，也就是将乙酰基群在染色质的DNA水平上引入到分子中，由此完成基因转录。
The genetic switch involves acetylation, the introduction of an acetyl group into a molecule at the DNA level of chromatin resulting in genetic transcription.
当科学家们将基因与特定疾病联系在一起的时候，往往不知道这些基因起什么作用——这些基因能产生何种蛋白质或控制哪个过程——还有什么因素会促使它们开或闭，激活或睡眠。
When scientists connect a gene to a disease, they often don't know what that gene does-the protein it makes or the process it regulates-or what factors turn it on or off, up or down.
科学家们已经定位到了与2型糖尿病和胆固醇水平连锁的一个基因，KLF14，但到目前为止科学家还没有发现该基因主要的作用机制。
Scientists have already identified a gene called KLF14 as being linked to type 2 diabetes and cholesterol levels, but until now they did know what role it played.
基因对端粒酶水平是起了一定作用，但这个实验所观察的并非基因的问题，这完全是身体以外的因素对身体带来的影响，其影响的结果就是端粒的自我修复水平。
Genes play a role in telomerase levels, but this was not genes. This was something impacting the body that came from the outside and affecting its ability to repair itself.
报告中说明好几项研究发现，运动消弱了肥胖基因的作用，而且这是第一次在基因的影响和饮食习惯之间做相关研究。
Several studies have found that exercise diminishes the effect of the risk gene but this is the first study where the effect of the gene has been studied in relation to food habits.
黑尔说，基因常常是组合起来才起作用。有望某天新基因会和其他基因关联在一起，使湖鲟产生适应所处环境变化所需的新性状。
Hale said genes often work in combination, and new genes may one day become involved with other genes to help the lake sturgeon create new traits needed to adapt to changes in its environment.
在人类基因组计划完成10周年的一片庆祝声中，一组研究者称科学家和记者都应对过分夸大基因组的作用而感到内疚。
Amid celebrations of the 10-year anniversary of the Human genome Project, a team of researchers says both scientists and journalists are guilty of hyping the potential of genome sequencing.
甲基化作用是对DNA的后天修改，并改变基因活动，通常是在基因组内减少这个活动。
Methylation is an epigenetic modification to one's DNA that changes a gene's activity, generally reducing that activity within the genome.
大部分与酒精成瘾问题关联的基因是酒精脱氢酶基因(ALDH)，它参与酒精的新陈代谢作用同时对过量饮酒产生保护。
Most consistently associated with alcoholism are the alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ALDH), which are involved in alcohol metabolism and protection against heavy drinking.
表观遗传变异是由附属于基因的其他分子作用引起基因表达改变的可遗传的变异。
Epigenetic changes are heritable changes to the regulation of a cell's genes, caused by extra molecules being attached to those genes.
宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员发现，有一些基因变异出现在与细胞排废系统有关的基因中。排废系统的作用可能是使‘粘附’蛋白质能够正常工作。
Other genetic changes pinpointed by the Pennsylvania team occurred in genes involved in a cellular waste system which probably ensures these "adhesion" proteins are kept in working order.
‘孤独症可能与很多基因有关。最有可能的情况，就是每个基因都使风险性增加了一点，加上与其它的基因以及与环境因素之间的相互作用，引发了孤独症。’
In most cases, it's likely that each gene contributes a small amount of risk, and interacts with other genes and environmental factors to trigger the onset.
信使RNA转录某个基因的信息越多，这个基因起的作用就越大。
The more RNA messengers that have been transcribed from a gene, the more active that gene is assumed to be.
但不同国家人口之间的基因差异比一个国家人口内部的基因差异所起的作用小得多。
But the genetic differences between populations count for much less than the genetic differences within them.
许多基因有助于防止肿瘤的生长，但表观基因组遭到破坏时，可能会碰巧把这些具有保护作用的基因切换到关闭状态。
Many genes help to prevent tumours from growing, but disruption of the epigenome can switch these protective genes off by accident.
一个叫做表观修饰(表观遗传学)的过程——它关闭了那些对环境刺激起反应的基因——可能使得他们起作用的基因组和实际的基因组不一致。
A process called epigenesis, which shuts down genes in response to environmental prompts, may make their effective genomes different from their actual ones.
软基因扫描通过多个基因共同作用，以改变人的某些特征，如身高等。
Soft sweeps work on traits affected by many genes, like height.
软基因扫描通过多个基因共同作用，以改变人的某些特征，如身高等。
Soft sweeps work on traits affected by many genes, like height.
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