当他们把从头合成的基因注射到细胞，细胞便产生新的病毒。
When they synthesized the genes from scratch and injected the genetic material into cells, the cells produced new viruses.
他们接受了视网膜细胞附近的基因注射，以帮助修补他们的光受体。
They received a shot of genes near their retinal cells to repair their light receptors.
研究人员将一种能够产生绿色光线的基因注射到这种病毒内。
The researchers injected them with a gene that produces a green glow of light.
相对向人体中注射从流感病毒中提取的蛋白质而言，为什么我们不直接注射微生物基因呢？
Instead of injecting proteins from a flu virus into a person's body, why not inject just the micro-organism's genes?
研究者为这两只松鼠猴注射了某种病毒，该病毒经处理携带了修正过缺陷的基因。
Researchers treated the monkeys by injecting them with a virus that had been modified to carry a corrective gene.
相反，携带该基因的两种活跃副本的人中，14%的人在注射前就已经显示超过检测标准。
By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection.
研究人员将从小鼠身上抽取的干细胞注射到已经基因突变的老鼠胚胎中。这样就使老鼠本身就不会再生成自身的器官，而是创造出了带有小鼠器官的老鼠。
The researchers injected stem cells from rats into the embryos of mice that had been genetically altered so they could not produce their own organs, creating mice that had rat organs.
格鲁曼和同事们把I型和II型干扰素基因转入一种腺病毒中，这种腺病毒是他们注射到多群猪中的。
Grubman and his colleagues introduced type I and type II interferon genes into an adenovirus, which they administered to groups of pigs.
Lee说注射的使狗发光的基因可能会被引发致命的疾病的基因所替代。
Lee said the genes injected to make the dog glow could be substituted with genes that trigger fatal diseases.
当这种基因被注射到位于眼睛后部的视网膜后面时，会生成一种能感应红色光的蛋白质。
When injected behind the retina at the back of the eye, the gene produces a protein that is sensitive to red light.
基因治疗试验中，直接注射也被用于在帕金森和其他的肌肉萎缩症病人身上。
Direct injection is also being used in gene-therapy trials on patients with Parkinson's and on those with muscular dystrophy.
无翼基因形态的作用已通过3年艰苦的果蝇基因操作实验与近20,000个果蝇胚胎注射来详细的了解。
The role of the Wingless morphogen was detailed by the painstaking genetic manipulation of flies that took three years and the injection of nearly 20, 000 fly embryos to accomplish.
无翼基因形态的作用已通过3年艰苦的果蝇基因操作实验与近20,000个果蝇胚胎注射来详细的了解。
The role of the Wingless morphogen was detailed by the painstaking genetic manipulation of flies that took three years and the injection of nearly 20,000 fly embryos to accomplish.
这种新手段便是基因疗法。制药业巨头Genzyme已开始一项临床测试，用以确定一种黄斑变性治疗药物是否可以通过疗效持续时间较长的基因疗法而不是每月注射的方式给药。
The pharmaceutical giant Genzyme has started a clinical trial to see whether a drug to treat macular generation could be delivered via long-lasting gene therapy rather than monthly injections.
这样极大提高了开发生物荧光的可能性，因为这意味着“绿色荧光蛋白”不再必须被注射到组织中，取而代之的是，其基因序列可以被加入到活体的基因中去。
This expanded the possibilities for exploiting bioluminescence dramatically, because it meant that GFP did not have to be injected into tissue.
所存在的一个技术障碍是，为将所注射的叫神经配基3（neurogenin3）的基因与肝细胞结合，需要一种病毒来转运该基因，而该病毒对人类可能是致命的。
One obstacle is that in order for the gene called neurogenin3 to bond with a cell it needs to be transported by a virus which could be deadly to humans.
在每一次实验中，注射携带了一种遗传密码的双链rna都导致了包含这种密码的基因的关闭。
In every experiment, injection of double-stranded RNA carrying a genetic code led to silencing of the gene containing that particular code.
这种新手段便是基因疗法。 制药业巨头Genzyme已开始一项临床测试，用以确定一种黄斑变性治疗药物是否可以通过疗效持续时间较长的基因疗法而不是每月注射的方式给药。
Thepharmaceutical giant Genzyme has started a clinical trial to see whether a drugto treat macular generation could be delivered via long-lasting gene therapyrather than monthly injections.
48小时以后，他给老鼠们注射含有Math1基因的腺病毒。
Forty-eight hours later, he injects the animals with adenoviruses containing Math1 genes.
被注射的基因只被注入一侧脑区来降低风险性并可更好地评估试验结果。
The genes were delivered to only one side of the brain to reduce risk and to better assess the treatment.
当这些小鼠断奶后，纳维克斯博士就对它们进行一系列的行为测试，同时，他也对另外的小鼠—它们的母亲注射的是生理盐水而不是病毒基因—进行相同的行为测试，然后对比两种结果。
Once they are weaned, he puts these mice through a series of behavioural tests and compares the results with those of similar mice whose mothers were injected with saline rather than viral genes.
纳维·克斯博士的实验是从向怀孕的老鼠注射病毒基因开始。
Dr Naviaux's experiments start by injecting pregnant mice with viral genes.
结论：直接注射BMP2基因可使其导入骨骼肌细胞内并表达。
Conclusion: BMP2 gene may be transfered and expressed in skeletal muscle cells by direct injection.
在注射给药方面，泊洛沙姆188可作为增溶剂、乳化剂以及基因药物的载体。
As a safe excipient, poloxamer 188 is often used as solubilizing agent, emulsifying agent and gene carrier in injection.
主要观察指标：胰岛素基因在幼仓鼠肾细胞中整合和表达的结果，以及注射前后血糖的变化。
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The integration and expression of insulin gene in BHK cells and the changes of blood glucose before and after injection were mainly observed.
结论裸d NA直接肌肉注射是有效的基因治疗手段之一。
ConclusionIntramuscular injection of naked DNA is one of the effective gene therapies.
脑内注射AQP4基因后可升高大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤早期脑内aqp4的表达水平。
Expression of AQP4 in the brain at the early period of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was increased after injection of APQ4 gene into the rat brain.
由于生产转基因动物的基本方法如原核注射法等普遍存在外源基因整合的低效性和随机性等问题，因而在应用中受到很大制约。
The basic reliable methods available to produce transgenic animal such as pronuclear microinjection has limited application by low efficiency and mosaic integration into the genome.
该技术主要包括：目的基因和靶细胞的制备、样品的灌注以及对细胞的显微注射。
The main procedures were: to prepare the target genes and cells, to fill the sample into the glass capillary injector and to proceed microinjection.
虽然基因治疗的整体取得了很大的进展，但人们仍然需要开发更好的和更安全的将基因注入细胞的注射方式。
Despite the overall progress, there is still a need to develop improved and safer approaches to deliver genes into cells.
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