垮落线与煤层走向是一定角度。
There is a certain angle between caving line and coal seam strike.
建筑物倒塌时，人们通常被挤压在垮落的建筑残骸中。
When buildings collapse, people are frequently pinned under falling debris.
煤矿采动围岩的破坏、断裂和垮落是具有代表性的时变边界过程。
The failure, rupture and collapse of mining induced surrounding strata are a representative process in which the boundaries of dynamic system are variable.
为确保安全和顶煤及时垮落，应实施预爆破或预注水弱化顶煤措施。
In order to ensure safety and top coal caving in time, the measures of pre-blasting or water pre-infusion to weaken top coal should be adopted.
破碎岩石的变形性质是影响采空区覆岩垮落与地表沉陷的重要因素。
The deformation characters of the broken rocks are the important factors that affect the roof caving and surface subsidence above goaf in coal mining.
当岩层开始有小的变形时，损耗减小，此后变化幅度变小，至垮落。
When the rock layer has small deformation, loss decreases, and the change range becomes small before falling.
松散载荷层滞后垮落，形成第二次冲击载荷，三个过程间隔时间很短；
Third, granular-mass loading stratum descended after a while , which brought second impact load, the interval among the three courses was short.
借助相似模拟试验，研究了顶板自然垮落的最小跨度、移动角和垮落角。
So the minimal uncontrolled roof-fall span, displacement Angle and caving Angle are studied by similarity simulation.
关键层的承载作用和岩层力学特性的差异使关键层间顶板的垮落角不同。
Caving angles of roofs among key strata are different because of the differences of the load-bearing effect of key strata and mechanical characters of rock strata.
最后从主应力云图来分析了采空区内部的应力场分布规律及空区垮落带形成的原因。
Finally, the distribution law of stress filed and the causes of goaf caving zone were analyzed according to the primary stress nephogram.
数值分析结果表明：夹沟矿采空区的顶板是不稳定的，顶板岩体容易发生垮落事故。
The results of numerical analysis on mined-out area indicate that the roof at mined-out areas is unstable and the rock in the roof is easy to collapse in this mine.
此表达式可以更加合理的求解开挖隧道临界垮落载荷，为衡量隧道稳定提供理论依据。
The loads of tunnel critical failing model are taken into account in the formula reasonably, which is also the important theory to identify tunnel stability.
顶煤的运移与垮落，尤其是内部微观裂隙的扩展，与其直接顶和老顶岩层的活动规律密切相关。
The movement and breakage of top coal, especially its internal micro-fracture extension, are closely related to the movement regularity of its immediate roof and main roof.
伪顶是在煤层与直接顶之间存在的极易垮落的软弱岩层，在井下采煤工作面回采时，会常常遇到。
The false top is the existence pole exchanges weak caving rock stratum between the coal seam and direct top. In the coal mining, it may often be happened.
通过对顺槽煤柱破坏失稳机理及煤柱上覆岩体的结构特征、垮落失稳机理的分析，提出了合理煤柱宽度的计算公式。
Through analyze the failure mechanism and structural feature of mine pillar and upside rock, the reasonable virgin coal width formula has been obtained.
论述了顶煤介质状态转化对工作面支架的作用，不同强度顶煤在工作面控顶区上方的性态分布和放顶煤线处的垮落特点；
The loading affection on supports in process of transformation. the roof coal behaviour on the face zone and its caving character at cavity edge are expounded.
根据压密变形规律从理论上探讨垮落介质固结的力学模型，揭示了垮落介质固结的力学模型符合岩石蠕变开尔文模型的非线形本质；
The mechanical model of collapse medium is investigated theoretically which revealed that the mechanical model of collapse medium is accord to non-linear nature of rock creep Kelvin model.
针对长壁工作面顶板垮落具有局部、分段、迁移的时空特征，将长壁工作面采场顶板划分成若干个相互铰接的薄板，建立了薄板组力学模型。
Based on the local, migratory and subsection characteristics of main roof fall of longwall face, the main roof was divided into some plate group, and plate group mechanical model was established.
针对长壁工作面顶板垮落具有局部、分段、迁移的时空特征，将长壁工作面采场顶板划分成若干个相互铰接的薄板，建立了薄板组力学模型。
Based on the local, migratory and subsection characteristics of main roof fall of longwall face, the main roof was divided into some plate group, and plate group mechanical model was established.
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