地震是一种穿过地壳的震动。
An earthquake is a vibration that travels through the earth's crust.
随着时间的推移，地球大陆地壳的组成发生了巨大的变化。
Earth's continental crust has changed significantly in composition overtime.
地壳的形成保护了地球的内层不受太空中高能粒子的影响，降低了地幔和地核的温度。
The formation of Earth's crust protected the inner layers of Earth from the high-energy particles in space, reducing the temperatures of the mantle and the core.
由于巨大的重量向下压岩层，使它趋于在它的薄弱处向下折叠，这最终导致地壳的实质断裂。
Because of the great weight pressing down on them, these layers tend to fold downward at weak spots, and this finally causes an actual break in the crust.
地球表面并不是由构成地壳的单块岩石构成，而是许多紧密相连的“构造板块”，像一块巨大的拼图。
Earth's surface is not made up of a single sheet of rock that forms a crust but rather a number of "tectonic plates" that fit closely, like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle.
水聚集在玄武岩地壳的低洼处形成了海洋。
Water fills in low areas of the basalt crust to form the world's oceans.
这些网络使用多种地震仪器来监测地壳的运动。
Many kinds of seismic instruments are used by the networks to monitor the movements of the earth's crust.
地球的岩石地壳的下面是大量的炽热的熔化了的岩石。
Underneath the earth's rocky crust are masses of hot, melted rock.
但至目前为止，远远下方地壳的岩石是如此炎热，它是软的。
But far, far beneath the crust whose rock is so hot, that it is soft.
地质学是对地球地壳的研究。我们可以通过此项领域来了解地球的历史。
Geology is the study of the Earth's crust. We can understand the history of the Earth through this field.
地壳的剧烈运动使澳大利亚成了幅员辽阔、与大陆分离、地处温、热带地区 的国家。
The vast movements of the earth’s curst created a vast land of Australia, isolated it and positioned it across the tropical and temperate climatic zone.
但是迄今为止，我们还没有方法能够预知地震马上要发生或地壳的缺陷将要突然断开。
However, thus far the earth has not shown us any means by which to tell that an earthquake is about to occur, or that a fault is ready to snap.
他们的预测是基于积聚在地壳的罕见同位素的水平，轻微的太阳风使宇宙射线穿透地球的大气层。
Their prediction is based on levels of rare isotopes that accumulate in the Earth's crust when weak solar winds allow cosmic rays to penetrate the Earth's atmosphere.
传统的地热发电厂利用了这样一种自然系统，即水分下降至地壳的渗透岩层中，而后又受热蒸腾到地表。
Traditional geothermal plants exploit natural systems in which water seeps down into porous rocks in the ground and emerges back at the surface at a high temperature.
科学家们断定，这些流星的冲击也可能触发了刚好低于地球地壳的地幔上层里的热岩，这就是至今我们所能看到的。
The scientists posit that these meteor strikes may also have triggered the flow of hot rock in the upper layer of the mantle right below the Earth's crust that is seen up to the present day.
然而，由于地壳的变动，那些包含着古代动植物尸体的沉积物重新回到了地球表面，在那里他们分解，并又一次的从大气中吸取氧气。
As the crust shifts, however, it can bring sediments containing ancient corpses back to the surface, where they decompose, removing oxygen from the atmosphere once more.
随着这种新地壳的冷却，它会在自身重力的作用下凹陷下去，这个过程被称为“沉降”。因此，在距离海洋中部山脊越远的地方，海底就应该越深。
As the new crust cools, it sinks under its own weight-a process called subsidence-so the seafloor should be deeper the farther it is from a mid-ocean ridge.
该大陆地壳最古老的那些部分有40亿年了。
The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.
水蒸发留下盐分，形成白色的地壳层，阻止空气和水进入下面的土壤。
The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.
地壳运动封闭了海峡，内陆的地中海开始了蒸发。
Crustal movements closed the straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began to evaporate.
科学家们认为在大气层下存在着一层由碳和氧组成的稀薄地壳。
Under the atmosphere, scientists think there is a very thin crust of carbon and oxygen.
这一沉积层富含稀有金属铱，以及其他在陨石中较丰富而在地壳中十分罕见的元素。
This sediment layer is enriched in the rare metal iridium and other elements that are relatively abundant in a meteorite but very rare in the crust of Earth.
这种情况下，我们特别想知道存在于地壳下层的地幔，是否会因为撞击而暴露出来。
In this case, we especially want to know if any of the mantle, the layer beneath the crust, was exposed by the impact.
第一个预测模型沿着地震断层，即地壳中的裂缝，寻找所谓的地震缝隙。
The first prediction model looks along earthquake faults, those cracks in the Earth's crust, to find what are known as seismic gaps.
从大西洋流向地中海的瀑布不像直布罗陀海峡连接那些海洋时发生的地壳调整和断层运动那样壮观。
The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.
“信使号”将探索水星的表面、地壳、大气，甚至其磁场。
Messenger will explore the surface of Mercury, its crust, its atmosphere and even its magnetic field.
在地壳下面，有许多移动的板块在缓慢移动。
Underneath the Earth's crust, there are a number of shifting slabs or plates that are slowly moving.
另一些山脉可能是由地震引起的，地震使地壳断裂，并移动足够的岩石，从而形成块状山脉。
Other mountains may be raised by earthquakes, which fracture the Earth's crust and can displace enough rock to produce block mountains.
地震是由两块地壳构造板块互相碰撞造成的。
Earthquakes are caused by two tectonic plates bumping into each other.
人们认为地壳分成了巨大的、可移动的部分，称为板块，这些板块漂浮在柔软可塑的岩石层上。
The Earth's crust is thought to be divided into huge, movable segments, called plates, which float on a soft plastic layer of rock.
应用推荐