无论地下经济还是公开经济都存在税收流失问题。
换句话说这种地下经济在经济衰退时起到了缓冲作用。
The shadow economy, in other words, can act as a cushion when times are tough.
对全球地下经济规模的最新预测显示出了令人担忧的增长趋势。
NEW estimate of the size of shadow economies around the world sheds light on a worrying trend.
这里的地下经济不是指非法获得的钱财，而是指虽然合法但是不纳税的经济活动。
Shadow economy does not mean ill-gotten gains here, but legal economic activity that is not taxed.
最近二三十年，地下经济问题逐渐成为国内外学术界的一个研究热点。
In recent years, underground economy has become a burning field of research all over the world.
现实分析主要从我国地下经济产生的非税收原因和税收原因两个方面进行分析。
Analysis in reality is on tax reason and non-tax reason why underground economy exists in our country.
但由于当时地下经济并没有表现出膨胀的趋势，所以研究的范围还是比较有限的。
Because at that time, the underground economy had not displayed the inflation tendency, the research scope was quite limited.
可能因为收入迅速上升而饮酒狂欢，也因为经济成长，以及更多生意脱离地下经济而合法经营。
This binge has been possible because revenues have risen fast, too, because of economic growth and because more businesses have left the informal economy and gone legal.
本文研究一个还没有被充分认识但日益受到人们关注的经济活动领域——地下经济。
This thesis is basically concerned with Underground Economy, an area that remains to be fully understood but has attached increasing attention.
由于交易成本的存在，使人们在进行经济活动时，面临着地上经济还是地下经济的选择。
Because of the transaction costs, while engaging in economic activities people are faced with two alternatives: underground economy or overground economy.
直到第二次世界大战期间，一些学者才开始对这些经济现象进行研究，其中也包含了对地下经济的研究。
Until Second World War period, some scholars only started to these economic phenomena to conduct the research, contained the underground economy research.
在得克萨斯与墨西哥边境处发表讲话时，奥巴马称，总体来说，将非法移民从地下经济中挽救出来对美国来说是好事。
Speaking in Texas close to the border with Mexico, Mr Obama said bringing illegal immigrants out of the underground economy would be good for the country as a whole.
本文采用一定的方法分别对我国1982-2002年间地下经济和公开经济的税收流失规模进行了估测。
The article will estimate the scale of tax losing during 1982 - 2002 with the help of definite method respectively.
与此同时，本文也就地下经济的部分有益影响进行了初步探索，这一认识有助于更全面的理解地下经济的性质。
Meanwhile, this study also tentatively discussed some positive influences, and this can help us understanding the characters of underground economy more deeply.
隐性产业是一种特殊的产业形态，它与地下经济有着明显的界分，存在着相对性、外生性、规模性、过渡性等特征。
Contrasted with the underground economy, recessive industry is a special industry characterized by its relativity, extensiveness, scale, and transitivity.
他们是地下经济的失去的世代：由父母非法地带来这里，他们长大在美国邻里、被出席的美国学校和被制作的美国朋友。
They are the lost generation of an underground economy: Brought here illegally by parents, they grew up in American neighborhoods, attended American schools and made American friends.
“地下经济”通常被称为非正式经济活动，如果从制度经济学的角度来解释地下经济，那么，它并不是一种完全消极的经济活动。
The"underground economy"is usually termed as informal economic activities, and it is not purely negative as economists assumed from an aspect of institutional economics.
然后对我国地下经济的成因进行了分析。成因的分析是从经济因素、制度因素、文化因素等几个方面入手的，每个因素下又进行了详细的剖析。
Then, the causes of UE in our country are analyzed with the factors of economy, regulation and culture, every one of which is dissected specifically.
在现实中，监管成本——以及因此而产生的遵从性——不均衡地下降，使一些公司在经济上处于不利地位，而另一些公司则受益。
In reality, regulatory costs—and therefore compliance—fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others.
只要中国的经济沿着11%的增长率高速前进，小型企业们就有希望会有足够的商业机会来使其维系领先其地下债主们一到两步。
As long as China's economy was racing along at an 11 percent growth rate, small companies could hope for enough business to stay a step or two ahead of their underground creditors.
西非经济共同体表示将确保巴博安全而有尊严地离去。据信巴博正在一个地下掩体里藏身。
The Economic Community of West African States says it will ensure a safe and dignified exit for Mr. Gbagbo, who has taken refuge in an underground bunker.
正如《经济调查报告》中“增长的宏观基础”一章中所指出的，就连“印度让人不可谅解的庞大官僚成本也像是埋在地下的一笔宝贵资源”。
As a chapter in the Economic Survey on the “Micro-foundations of Growth” argues, even “India's unpardonably large bureaucratic costs are like a valuable resource buried under the ground”.
同时一个活力且持续增长的地下(黑色)经济产生了很大的差别。
And a vigorous and growing underground (black) economy makes a big difference.
他的民调评级毫不留情地下跌，很大原因是意大利经济停滞。
His poll ratings are falling relentlessly, largely because of Italy's economic stagnation.
当更高的利率和经济的衰退导致了养老金和保险金的危机时，它的市场股份呈有规律地下降(见表二)。
Its market share had been steadily falling (see chart 2), while higher interest rates and an economic downturn led to a pensions and benefits crisis.
正如《经济调查报告》中“增长的宏观基础”一章中所指出的，就连“印度让人不可谅解的庞大官僚成本也像是埋在地下的一笔宝贵资源”。
As a chapter in the Economic Survey on the "Micro-foundations of Growth" argues, even "India's unpardonably large bureaucratic costs are like a valuable resource buried under the ground".
正如《经济调查报告》中“增长的宏观基础”一章中所指出的，就连“印度让人不可谅解的庞大官僚成本也像是埋在地下的一笔宝贵资源”。
As a chapter in the Economic Survey on the "Micro-foundations of Growth" argues, even "India's unpardonably large bureaucratic costs are like a valuable resource buried under the ground".
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