需要做的是在银行破产时，明确划分哪些是需要承担损失的债权人，而那些需要被保护的。
What is needed is a clearer line between creditors who would bear loss when a bank fails and those who would be protected.
巴黎银行的零售银行业务已横跨整个欧洲大陆，比如其在西班牙的桑坦德银行(Santander)以及意大利的联合信贷(UniCredit)的相关业务(这样的地位是在2009年收购了一家破产的比利时银行- - - - - - -富通银行的部分资产后获得的)。
Like Spain's Santander and Italy's UniCredit it runs retail operations across the continent (a position boosted by the purchase of bits of Fortis, a failed Belgian bank, in 2009).
央行还需要接管一些破产的银行，但只有在银行需要停业时央行才会这么做。
They may yet have to take over a failed bank, though only if that is needed to stop a run.
但是，雷曼兄弟破产后，货币市场上利率飙升，银行存款流动性短缺，民众在存款时对银行的选择出现显著变化。
But there was a sharp spike in money-market interest rates after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, a liquidity squeeze and a notable shift in deposits.
在新版游戏中，银行家是一位华尔街老总，他大肆发放房贷，赔掉了银行，临近破产时，他就祭出他那张“免死金牌”。
In the new version, the banker is a Wall Street CEO He overextends mortgages, he loses the bank, and when things go under, he uses his get-out-of-jail-for-free card.
华惠在房地产市场鼎盛时毫无节制的放贷，这使其背负了500多亿美元的期权调息按揭，沦为当市场变动时最有可能破产的银行之一。
Reckless expansion during the housing boom saddled it with more than $50 billion in option adjustable-rate mortgages, among the most likely to explode when markets turned.
在1990年出版的《美国经济研究》发现特许权价值这种措施在对银行能运营的地方加以更多限制时失败。因此失掉市场力的银行能够作为应对破产缓冲力的资金更少了。
Research published in the American Economic Review in 1990 found that a measure of franchise values fell after restrictions were lifted on where Banks could operate.
鲍尔森和伯南克也做到了该出手时就出手：日本的立法者在90年代时用了7年时间才建立了接管破产银行的机制。
Messrs Bernanke and Paulson also have done well by acting quickly: it took seven years for Japan's regulators to set up a mechanism to take over large broke banks in the 1990s.
鲍尔森和伯南克也做到了该出手时就出手：日本的立法者在90年代时用了7年时间才建立了接管破产银行的机制。
Messrs Bernanke and Paulson also have done well by acting quickly: it took seven years for Japan's regulators to set up a mechanism to take over large broke banks in the 1990s.
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