我们的制度不是建立在财产之上，而是建立在机会之上——这意味着我们的制度不是建立在稳定之上，而是建立在流动性之上。
We did not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility.
在改善治理、强化制度，以便为商业创造一个平等的竞争环境方面，我们拥有共同利益。
We share an interest in improving governance and strengthening institutions to create a level playing field for business.
其一，土地的租值会上升而交易或制度费用会下降——这下降是减下去，在我们的例子中是租值代替了交易费用。
First, land rents would rise and transaction/institution costs would fall –– this fall represents a deduction, and in our example it is the former partially replacing the latter.
这个新制度的许多要素就是在印尼开发的，我们迫切希望把它们带到其他国家。
Many of the elements of this new system were developed right here in Indonesia, and we are eager to bring them to other countries.
我们已经看到在一些转轨国家，突发的冲击和快速的变革所造成的制度真空对增长、减贫和市场秩序的合法性的负面影响。
We have seen the negative impact on growth, poverty alleviation, and the legitimacy of the market order of institutional vacuum created by shocks and rapid change in some transition countries.
在美国，我们直到1913年，创立了联邦储备银行制度。
In the United States we did not have a central bank until 1913 when we created the Federal Reserve System.
我们看到各种制度在不同的地方存在和同一种制度在不同的时间存在。
We see the variety of systems that have existed in different places and similar ones that have existed at different times.
但我们有理由接受这种新的制度，它允许高管兼职，实际上，他们也是在挑选那种有吸引力的工作。
But there are reasons to embrace the new regime, which allows senior managers to work part-time, in effect, and pick and choose the jobs that appeal.
我们有问题的定义，那就是食物的成本不是消费者每周消耗的；同时我们有商业制度；浪费金钱在存货清单上。
We have our problem definition, the defect being the cost of food not consumed by the customer that spoiled per week; and we have our business metric: wasted money on inventory.
这让人不爽，但是从另一个角度，金融监管制度之所以长期存在，是因为现实中，大众一直都是牺牲品，我们不能任由那些公司在幕后操纵。
It rankles, but on the other hand, these regulations survive because the reality is that people are victimized all the time and we can't just allow companies to act in secrecy.
所以斯堪的纳维亚那些国家里的医保制度讨论完全被排除在我们的辩论之外了。
This is why discussion about the healthcare systems in Scandinavian countries, for example, is left completely outside the debate.
在学校里，我们学习了在南方种植园的奴隶制度的暴行，学习了当一个丈夫要离开妻子或者妈妈离开孩子的时候他们的伤心。
In school we learn about the atrocities slaves endured on Southern plantations, and the sorrow they faced when a husband was separated from a wife, or a mother from a child.
因此，现在既是十九世纪，那么，无论是在亚洲或欧洲，无论是在印度或土耳其，一般说，我们都反对那种出家修行的制度。
So, given the nineteenth century, we are opposed, as a general proposition, and among all peoples, in Asia as well as in Europe, in India as well as in Turkey, to ascetic claustration.
考伯说：“在最开始的时候，我们不得不实行考勤制度，吓唬学生，督促他们来上课。我们不得不说，‘如果你旷课超过两天，就不能取得学位。’”
'Very early on, we had to enforce the attendance policy and scare people: we had to say,' Look, if you miss more than two days, you don't get the degree, "he says."
实际上，我认为在我们的国家并没有真正的培养企业家的有效制度。
In fact, I'm not sure that we have a real grooming system for raising entrepreneurs and business owners in this country.
那是因为，我们的金融系统是建立在某个被称为部分准备金银行制度的基础上。
It is because our financial system is based on something called fractional reserve banking.
也许内核开发社区也应该重新评估，我们在代码质量和市场成功两者之间到底如何权衡取舍。他问道，我们是否需要一套更面向商业的制度？
Maybe the community needs to reevaluate how it weighs code quality against market success; do we, he asked, need a more commercially-oriented metric?
在我们现行的教育制度中你能发现什么缺点吗?。
What defects can you find in the present system of our education?
这些都是我们在制定和实施新制度前所应该面对和解决的问题。
These problems should be faced and settled before we establish and apply the new system.
2000年他说：人们都觉得在我们的世界里有严格的等级制度，但其实公爵们尽娶了些歌女、有的甚至还娶了美国人！
'People think there's a rigid class system here, but Dukes have been known to marry chorus girls. Some have even married Americans.'
即使是Eccles博士也同意道：“在英国，我们有着类似反映家长—小孩关系的家长式制度。”
Even Dr Eccles agrees: "in England we have a paternalistic approach akin to a parent-child relationship."
这不是一个升级建立在我们现有的制度。
在第三部分中，我们将深入讨论一个非常具体的商业惯例：退回制度(returnability)。
In Part 3, we'll dig into one very specific business practice: returnability (A.K.A. "the curse of unsold inventory").
所以我们很鼓励的另外一件事,是在公司内部设立奖励制度，比如科学优秀奖,科技优秀奖，Joel，Wilson奖项。
So the other thing we definately encourage is we do have an award system within our company, the Exellence in Science Award and Excellence in Technology Award, the Joel Wilson Award.
在我们的教育种族隔离制度下，大约百分之十最富有的人可以把自己买出公立机构，这已经在欧洲是最不公平的。
Our system of educational apartheid, whereby the richest 10 per cent or so buy themselves out of the state sector, is already the most unfair in Europe.
世界汇率制度的历史告诉我们，世界各地的社区(在多数)事实上已经从固定汇率制转向浮动汇率制度。
The history of world exchange rate systems shows us that the world community (in its majority) has in fact shifted from the system of fixed exchange rates to floating exchange rate system.
世界汇率制度的历史告诉我们，世界各地的社区(在多数)事实上已经从固定汇率制转向浮动汇率制度。
The history of world exchange rate systems shows us that the world community (in its majority) has in fact shifted from the system of fixed exchange rates to floating exchange rate system.
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