一氧化氮（NO）是与N甲基D 天（门）冬氨酸（NM DA）受体活性相关的一种细胞内信使分子，在吗啡耐受和依赖中起作用。
Nitric oxide, an intracellular messenger molecule linked to activation of N Methyl D aspartate(NMDA) receptor, plays a role in morphine tolerance and dependence.
使用吗啡一周后，随着病人耐受其止痛效果随之降低，同时病人遭受着像成瘾和便秘的副作用。
After a week of morphine use, its effectiveness decreases as patients build tolerance, and patients also experience negative side effects like addiction and constipation.
吗啡通过作用于神经突触来缓解疼痛，但它同时也兴奋了胶质细胞，可能也加剧了该药的副作用，如嗜睡，耐受，疼痛加剧和成瘾。
Morphine deadens pain by acting at nerve synapses, but it also activates glial cells, possibly worsening the drug's side effects, such as drowsiness, tolerance, worsening of pain, and addiction.
结论：吗啡影响神经细胞嘌呤核苷酸代谢，使细胞内腺苷酸及腺苷水平增高，这可能是吗啡依赖和耐受形成的机理之一。
Conclusion morphine may affect purine nucleotide metabolism of nerve cells, increase the adenylate and adenosine levels, which may be one of the mechanism of morphine dependence and tolerance.
结论抑制慢性吗啡注射所引起的脊髓jnk的激活可能是胍丁胺抗吗啡镇痛耐受的作用机制之一。
Conclusion Inhibition of chronic morphine-induced spinal JNK activation may be one of the mechanisms underlying the blockage of morphine antinociceptive tolerance by agmatine.
莫凯蒂说：“最理想的就是，我们可以利用这些知识研发出一种类似于吗啡的化合物，但不具有吗啡所拥有的典型依赖性和耐受性问题。”
"Ideally, we can use this information to develop a morphine-like compound that does not have the typical dependency and tolerance issues that morphine has, " Mocchetti said.
莫凯蒂说：“最理想的就是，我们可以利用这些知识研发出一种类似于吗啡的化合物，但不具有吗啡所拥有的典型依赖性和耐受性问题。”
"Ideally, we can use this information to develop a morphine-like compound that does not have the typical dependency and tolerance issues that morphine has, " Mocchetti said.
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