得出了这种条件下系统可观测的必要条件。
Necessary conditions for such "general" systems to be observable are obtained.
它只在这个可观测的宇宙里发生了一次，我们赶上了。
目前可观测的宇宙将没有机会形成，因为相反粒子将马上清除彼此。
The observable universe would have had no chance of coming into being, as these opposing particles would have wiped each other out.
首先分析了系统的观测性，得出了系统可观测的两个必要条件。
System observability is examined and two necessary conditions for the system to be observable are obtained.
在第四章，我们将研究一类部分可观测的风险敏感最优控制问题。
In chapter 4, we discuss one kind of partially observed risk-sensitive optimal control problem.
这正是由于该系统并不是一致完全可观测的而是准一致完全可观测的。
The reason is that the system is quasi-uniformly and completely observable instead of uniformly and completely observable.
滤波理论在寻找部分可观测的随机控制问题的显式解方面起到重要作用。
Filtering theory is very important for us to get explicit solutions for partially observed stochastic control problems.
在最后一章，我们研究了一类部分可观测的线性二次非零和微分对策问题。
In the last chapter, one kind of partially observed linear quadratic non-zero sum differential game problem is studied.
作为滤波理论的应用，我们研究了一类部分可观测的递归线性二次最优控制问题。
As an application of filtering theory, we study one kind of partially observed linear quadratic recursive optimal control problem.
作为最大值原理的应用，我们研究了一类部分可观测的递归线性二次最优控制问题。
As an application of the maximum principle, one kind of partially observed linear quadratic recursive optimal control problem is also studied.
基本上，我们可观测的宇宙是从大约137亿年前的一种精致秩序(异常低的熵)状态中开始的。
Basically, our observable universe begins around 13.7 billion years ago in a state of exquisite order, exquisitely low entropy.
结合分离原理和正倒向随机微分方程理论，我们得到了显式的可观测的Nash均衡点。
Combining the separation principle with the theory of forward and backward stochastic differential equations, we obtain the explicit observable Nash equilibrium point of this kind of game problem.
证明了任何一个内算子值函数都具有正合的无限时间可控和正合的可观测的适定的系统实现。
We show that any inner operator valued function has an exact infinite time controllable and exact observable well posed realization.
作为部分可观测信息的特例，我们给出了完全可观测的风险敏感最优控制问题的一般最大值原理。
As a special case of partial information, the general stochastic maximum principle for this kind of fully observed risk-sensitive optimal control problem is also obtained.
采用与第三章类似的方法，我们得到了部分可观测的风险敏感最优控制问题的一般随机最大值原理。
By the similar method used in chapter 3, we get the general stochastic maximum for this kind of partially observed risk-sensitive optimal control problem.
为了在科学上是有用的，所选择的概念必须是可操作化的；也就是说，它们的概念性含义必须与实证上可观测的事实相对应。
To be scientifically useful, the concepts chosen must be operational; that is, their conceptual meanings must correspond to empirically observable facts.
计算结果表明，采用喷阀技术所提供的气体介质的密度梯度和气体原子运动速度的影响很小，不会产生实验上可观测的效果。
The results of the computation indicate that the gradient of the gaseous medium and the velocity of gas atoms from the jet cannot cause detectable effects in experiments.
由于制备薄膜的反应器中气体流动具有复杂和不可观测的特点，国内对MOCVD反应器内部流场和温度场的研究只处在起步阶段。
Because of the complicated transport process and invisible characteristics, domestic researchers have carried out few explorations on internal flow and temperature distribution of the MOCVD reactor.
但仍要做很多工作以完成从原子的力学模型到实验室可测的可观测量的转变，并将其作为量子力学的基础。
But there was still work to do to complete the transition from mechanical models of the atom to observable quantities measured in the laboratory as the basis for a quantum mechanics.
其所追求的并非事实或优雅，而是一种方法——通过它，可以抓住市场跳动的脉搏，并将一个不可观测或非流动的价格与交易市场的价格联系起来。
They are not seeking truth or elegance, just a way of capturing the behaviour of a market and of linking an unobservable or illiquid price to prices in traded markets.
除了原始平台层之外的所有分层都并不严格；这些分层是以软件要素的可观测逻辑化分组为基础的。
None of the layering, except for the original platform layer, was strict; it was based around logical, observable groupings of software elements.
UML 将一个用例定义为“一个系统执行的一系列行为的描述，包括变量，它将生成特殊参与者所得值的可观测结果。”
UML defines a use case as "A description of a set of sequences of actions, including variants, that a system performs that yields an observable result of value to a particular actor.
作者：非确定(分布式)系统。即使按照可控制的相同顺序输入，也会导致多种可能的有效可观测输出结果。
Authors: Nondeterministic (distributed) systems, when the same sequence of controllable inputs may lead to many possible valid observable outputs.
直径为180亿光年(每个方向90亿光年)在可观测事物中是一个可观的比例。
A diameter of 18 billion light-years (9 billion in each direction) is a considerable percentage of observable reality.
对在中佛罗里达州东海岸的肯尼迪航天中心现场观看发射的观众来说，这次试飞的可观测范围有几英里。
For those spectators in the area of the Kennedy Space Center on central Florida? S eastern coast, the test launch should be viewable for miles around.
此次月全食是2010年之前在西半球可观测到的最后一次月全食。
This is a total eclipse of the moon by 2010 in the Western Hemisphere can be observed in the last total eclipse of the moon.
此次月全食是2010年之前在西半球可观测到的最后一次月全食。
This is a total eclipse of the moon by 2010 in the Western Hemisphere can be observed in the last total eclipse of the moon.
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