在大量研究中都讨论到了这种现象，而这种现象被共同基金管理人运用，但是这种现象数十年来也一直困扰着那些学者。
The phenomenon has been noted in a wide range of studies and has often been exploited by fund managers, but it has puzzled academics for decades.
该项研究由美国宇航局和国家科学基金共同资助，成果将会刊载在同行审稿的《地球物理研究快报》之上。
The study, funded by NASA and the National Science Foundation, will appear in the peer-reviewed Geophysical Research Letters.
第二项研究对代表退休基金运作共同基金和证券组合的传统基金经理进行了探究。
The second study** looks at traditional fund managers, those who run mutual funds and stockmarket portfolios on behalf of pension funds.
这项研究是由国立卫生研究所、美国国家科学基金会和美国心理学协会共同资助的。
The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and American Psychological Association.
而详细的研究是建立在上个月发表的一项预备性研究的基础上，由包括大学和世界野生生物基金会在内的10个机构共同进行的。
The detailed study, which was conducted by 10 institutions including universities and the World Wildlife Fund, was built on a preparatory study published last month.
晨星公司(Morningstar)共同基金分析业务副主管杜塔(Arijit Dutta)说，投资者应该研究一只具体的基金或是交易所买卖基金是如何构建的。
Arijit Dutta, an associate director of mutual fund analysis at Morningstar, says investors should research how a particular fund or an ETF is constructed.
追踪共同基金销售状况的市场研究公司Financial Research表示，整个黄金领域各个基金的情况都是如此。
And Financial Research Corp., a firm that tracks mutual fund sales, says the same holds true for funds across the gold sector.
象研究股票和共同基金样研究债券对投资者来说是必要的，辨别债券等级将有助于识别违约风险。
It is important for investors to research a bond just as they would a stock or mutual fund. The bond rating will help in deciphering the default risk.
研究发现，长时间来看，大约80%的共同基金表现弱于大盘。
Over time, studies show, about 80% actually under-perform the index.
研究发现，长时间来看，大约80%的共同基金表现弱于大盘。
Over time, studies show, about 80% actually under-perform the index.
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