从2004年开始，用户应该开始避免使用这样的操作系统，即它们至少没有对缓冲区溢出提供某种自动保护机制。
Beginning in 2004, users should start avoiding any operating system that fails to provide at least some automatic protection against buffer overflows.
Sendfile(2)是一种避免缓冲区复制开销的技术，并且它直接将数据位从文件系统转移到网络。
Sendfile (2) is a technique that avoids buffer copy overhead, and it directly pushes bits from the file system onto the network.
步骤二：write系统调用导致内核将数据从内核缓冲区复制到与socket相关联的内核缓冲区中。
Step two: the write system call causes the kernel to copy the data from the original kernel buffers into the kernel buffers associated with sockets.
步骤二：数据从内核空间缓冲区复制到用户空间缓冲区，之后系统调用read返回，这导致了从内核空间向用户空间的上下文切换。
Step two: data is copied from the kernel buffer into the user buffer, and the read system call returns. The return from the call caused a context switch from kernel back to user mode.
为从系统控制台输入操作员命令，只需指定一个命令输入缓冲区。
Only one CIB need be specified for operator commands entered from the system console.
相反，如果从clr堆请求更多的内存，这将带来比使用缓冲区更多的垃圾回收系统开销。
Instead, more memory is requested from the CLR heap and this incurs more garbage collection overhead than using the buffers.
相反，如果从clr堆请求更多的内存，这将带来比使用缓冲区更多的垃圾回收系统开销。
Instead, more memory is requested from the CLR heap and this incurs more garbage collection overhead than using the buffers.
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