传统经济学把财富视为经济人效用函数的唯一变量，这早就受到历史学派和制度学派的批驳。
Traditional economics regards fortune as the only variable of utility function, which has been critiqued by new historical school and institutional economic school.
西方管理学家对委托人目标和代理人效用函数的不一致性进行了研究，提出了委托—代理理论。
West management scientists have researched on the difference between utility functions of principal and agent. They suggested the theory of principal agent.
当前，物质利益仍然是大部分人效用函数中最重要的自变量，影响注册会计师行为选择的有两个决定性因素：一是收益，二是成本。
The material interests are still the most important independent variable in people's effectiveness function, so two key factors which influence CPA's choices are income and cost.
效用是一个主观的概念，涉及每一个人对于自身满足感和幸福的主观判断。
Utility is a subjective concept, covering everyone's subjective judgement on their sense of satisfaction and happiness.
效用是主观性的评价，由当事人自己决定，无从衡量，无从延伸，也因此无从让它与自己成比例。
Utility is a subjective evaluation, a ranking by the individual, and there is no measurement, no extension, and therefore no way for it to be proportional to itself.
还有一些人说，云计算是一种市场宣传，只不过是老技术(如效用计算、虚拟化或网格计算)换了张新面孔。
Others say that cloud computing is marketing hype that puts a new face on old technology, such as utility computing, virtualization, or grid computing.
效用是主观性的评价，由当事人自己决定，无从衡量，无从延伸，也因此无从让它与自己成比例。
Utility is a subjective evaluation, a ranking by theindividual, and there is no measurement, no extension, and therefore no way forit to be proportional to itself.
有些人表示移动电话能将非洲人带入全球经济圈，其作用远远大于汽车的效用。
Some agreed that they will be "more important than the car" in bringing Africans into the global economy.
这些人会说客户的语言，能够建立真实反映业务需求的有效用例。
These people can talk the customer's language and build effective use cases that truly reflect the business requirements.
而几乎一半父母认为“晚9点分水岭”(该分水岭的设置旨在保护年轻人不受到精神毒害)不再起到任何效用。
And almost half believe the 9 PM watershed - in place to protect youngsters - no longer has any force.
这个代价就是从纳税人那儿把数万亿美元拿去冒险救助 --这是非常昂贵的混乱的 不公平的 -- 也因为它是完全非美国式的解决方法因而打击了不少人 但他的的确确起效用了.
The cost was a bailout that placed trillions of taxpayer dollars at risk. It was expensive, it was messy, it was unfair.
保险人与代理人之间存在着信息不对称、最大化效用目标不一致等问题。
There are some questions of asymmetric information and inconsistent maximizing utility goal between the insurer and agent.
在不改变住房消费效用下，将住房资产转换成现金，提高老年人的消费水平。
RM release equity in housing to boost elderly consumption but not change the utility of housing consumption.
主观期望效用理论对人的决策的描述性效度一直受到怀疑，越来越多的实证研究表明与主观期望效用理论的公理相背离。
The descriptive validity of subjective expected utility theory has been doubted all the time, more and more empirical research violates from the axioms of subjective expected utility theory.
文章运用预期效用理论，在理性人假设的条件下对失信行为进行了静态和动态的收益-成本分析，并依此提出了提高失信成本、减少失信收益从而抑制失信行为的具体思路。
The author makes a cost-benefit analysis of the discredit from a static and dynamic perspective respectively by using the above assumption and the frame of the expected utility theory.
新古典经济学认为，经济理性是与自身利益的最大化等同，理性经济人是效用最大化的追求者。
In new classical economics opinion, economic reason equals with one's own maximization of interests, the rational economic people are the pursuer of utility maximization.
在此背景下，本文以经济学效用概念的演化为主线展开研究，深入探讨经济人假设的合理性、局限性以及经济学的研究对象和研究方向。
Under the background, we focus on the deduction of the concept "utility" in economics and analyze the rationality and limitation of "economical man" and the research object and direction of economics.
停止损失再保险作为一种再保险方式，在具有相同保费的前提下，能使保险人的期望效用最大，并能使其自留风险方差最小。
Aiming at stop loss reinsurance, this paper derives optimal pricing model of reinsurance on the basis of total claim amount using mean-variance premium principle and utility theory.
理性经济人特征是描述所有者和审计师行为及其效用函数的重要假设和分析基础。
When the behaviors and utility functions of the firm owner and the auditor are described, the rational agent characteristic should be applied as a basic assumption.
研究表明，人力资源管理学中的人性包括经济人、社会人、自觉人、复杂人、效用人等。
It is shown by study that human natures consist of economic man, social man, conscious man, complicated man, utility man and so on.
第二，固定和体现在人身上的效用：在此情况下，劳动用于使人具备能使他们对自己和别人有用的品质。
Secondly, utilities fixed and embodied in human beings; the labour being in this case employed in conferring on human beings, qualities which render them serviceable to themselves and others.
另一方面，低类型代理人的努力成本低和保留效用高，总得到比高类型更多的租金。
On the other hand, the low type agent's low endeavor cost and high reservation utility make him attain more information rents than those required by high type agent.
知识在人的大脑里，只有被编织在网络结构中，才能产生效用。否则，一盘散沙，互不相连，形不成功能。
Knowledge can be fully functional in the cerebral cortex only if it has been weaved into a network of knowledge or else it will fall apart with little use.
人的价值是人对于自身和社会的积极效用。
The value of man is his positive functions and effects to society and himself.
停止损失再保险作为一种再保险方式，在具有相同保费的前提下，能使保险人的期望效用最大，并能使其自留风险方差最小。
The stop-loss reinsurance as one way of reinsurance can make insurers obtain the highest expected effectiveness but the lowest risk variance.
一个人能做得最伟大的事情，就是让手中所有的一切发挥最大效用，这即是成功。
The greatest thing a man can do in this world is to make the most possible out of the stuff that has been given to him. This is success and there is no other.
一个人的效用功德，取决于他有否在能力范围内尽全力实践自己的理想志向。
A man's usefulness depends upon his living up to his ideals in so far as he can.
一个人的效用功德，取决于他有否在能力范围内尽全力实践自己的理想志向。
A man's usefulness depends upon his living up to his ideals in so far as he can.
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