But unlike Global Insight, they use a proxy for the first variable that is not itself affected by the second.
Was this because they were ignoring ROI or were just having trouble tracking it so were forced to use a proxy for success?
Nevermind that white applicants had almost double the number of citations for previous work, an indicator many reviewers use as a proxy for research quality.
One basic proxy we use for investor sentiment is the percentage of NYSE stocks selling above their 30-week moving average.
And its unemployment and employment statistics have not fared too badly by UK standards, whereas the CEBR analysis chooses to use only GDP as a proxy for living standards.
In other words, while there was nothing wrong with the statistics Ball produced on the narrow question of crimes-reported-under-specific-officers, there was a great deal wrong with the urge to use that question as a proxy for human rights atrocities in El Salvador throughout the conflict.
FORBES: Patrick Ball on the Perils of Misusing Human Rights Data
In other words, we expect that students do have an incentive to minimize their costs (unless the subsidy program is set up in such a way to negate that incentive), though the fact that students use price as a proxy measure for quality in higher ed likely significantly dampens this effect.
To use a billiards analogy, investing in banks as a proxy for anticipated economic growth in a country is like a bank shot whereby a ball is driven into a cushion before it is pocketed.
Under international law, countries including the United States that use race, color, ethnicity, religion or nationality as a proxy for criminal suspicion are in violation of international standards against racial discrimination and multiple treaties to which the U.S. is a party.
In other words, the problem is not the emphasis on shareholder value, but the use of short-term increases in a firm's share price as a proxy for it.
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