NATO, and is now the border between Turkey and the republic of Ajaria in Georgia.
Azeris have a history of tensions with the central government over their close cultural ties to Turkey and the Republic of Azerbaijan and occasional separatist movements.
But its residents do not appear to mourn - or even notice - the passing of the man who abolished the Islamic Caliphate and declared Turkey a secular Republic.
Erdogan Toprak, deputy chairman of the opposition Republican People's Party, has said the prime minister "would like to bring the sultan back" - a reference to the old days of the Ottoman Empire before Turkey become a republic.
Topping its list are Washington DC, Chicago, Vancouver, the Dominican Republic and Turkey.
This was the message of Barack Obama's presidential journey to Britain, France, the Czech Republic, Turkey and Iraq this past week.
They fought, and many died, for an independent Kurdistan, a place that just happens to sit on territory currently in the possession of the Republic of Turkey.
The economist saw manufacturing output growth outpace service sector growth for the second quarter in a row, with a strong performance by factories in Eastern European nations like the Czech Republic, Turkey, and Russia.
FORBES: 'Quantitative Tightening' As Emerging Markets Attempt To Tame Inflation
Such behaviour has cost Turkey some support among Jewish Americans formerly ardent supporters of Turkey as a moderate Muslim republic that is friendly to Israel.
Turkey does not recognise the Republic of Cyprus and is refusing to talk to the Cyprus EU presidency, preferring instead to deal with the European Commission.
Soldiers will also be involved from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Turkey, Hungary and the Czech Republic.
Financed by the European Union, this project aims at encouraging, assisting and accelerating media reforms in the South-East European countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Kosovo (under UNSCR1244).
The Skopje roundtable was the first in a cycle of national events, which will take place in each country participating in the programme: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Kosovo.
Ministers and high level officials, experts of science, higher education and research from 11 South East European countries will participate: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Serbia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey.
It also has stores in Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Albania and Turkey.
The conference will comprise museum directors and experts from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Republic of Serbia, Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey.
UNESCO: Detailview | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Launched in 2008, this project is funded by the European Commission and implemented by UNESCO to increase media accountability in South-East European countries which aims at accelerating media reforms in EU candidate countries namely Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey and in EU potential candidate countries namely Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo (under UNSCR 1244).
UNESCO: All Events | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Ministries of culture from 13 countries (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey) will gather to present the respective policies and measures to safeguard the intangible cultural heritage in their respective countries, and to enhance this heritage as a driver for intercultural dialogue and sustainable development.
Eight are formally blocked because Turkey has not kept an agreement to open its ports and airports to traffic from Cyprus, an EU member since 2004 (Turkey does not recognise the Greek-Cypriot republic and insists that Turkish north Cyprus is being unfairly blockaded).
It is divided into chapters devoted to the various regions, with spotlights on certain individual countries (Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, India, Iran, Japan, republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Turkey and USA).
In Turkey, because this is a delicate regime, the republic is 100 years old, we are neighbors with Iran, and secular elite has obviously have their own reasons, you know, for being a little bit more paranoid than their French or American counterparts.
Now, most live in eastern Europe, mainly Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary and Turkey.
The other clashes in Group A saw the Czech Republic triumph 4-2 in Kazakhstan while Latvia and Turkey drew 1-1 in Riga.
Mr Denktash, whose Turkish-Cypriot republic in the north remains recognised by no country except Turkey itself, sounds yet more stubborn.
Turkish ports and airports remain closed to Cypriot traffic and Turkey is the only country to recognise the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, in a dispute stretching back to the 1970s.
The northern half of the island remains occupied by Turkish troops and Turkey refuses to accept the legitimacy of the internationally recognised government of the Republic of Cyprus the southern, Greek-Cypriot bit of the island, which joined the EU last May.
"Turkey has still not made progress towards the necessary normalisation of its relations with the Republic of Cyprus, " they said.
Compared with its Arab counterparts, Turkey's secular order has deep roots, going back to the creation of a republic by Mustafa Kemal in 1923.
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