That is consistent with temperature proxy records found in nature, such as tree rings and ice cores.
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Sceptics have never liked this chart, which necessarily relies on statistics to infer historical temperatures from tree rings.
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Because of the ratio of radioactive carbon and beryllium found in the tree rings, researchers could also rule out some other possibilities.
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In addition, the scientifically recognized temperature proxy data from tree rings, ice cores, lake and ocean sediments, and stalagmites also show no warming since 1940.
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Fusa Miyake discovered Carbon-14 and Beryllium-10 traces in tree rings from the era, which point to a gamma ray burst from a celestial body other than the Sun.
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Tree rings are the obvious, and most controversial, example.
In 2006 a review by America's National Research Council endorsed points Mr McIntyre and his colleagues made on some methods used to make the hockey stick, and on doubts over a specific set of tree rings.
Why must they manipulate data, such as Mr. Jones's infamous effort (revealed in the first batch of climategate emails) to "hide the decline, " deliberately concealing an inconvenient divergence, post-1960, between real-world, observed temperature data and scientists' preferred proxies derived from analyzing tree rings?
Those worried that undue weight is being put on data from the tree rings of a dozen larches on the Yamal peninsula in Siberia, a topic that exercises Mr McIntyre, will be interested to see that some climate scientists shared some of their worries.
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Data going back further than a century or two is derived from "proxy" indicators such as tree-rings and stalactites which, again, are subject to large errors.
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To find out how warm the earth was before that, climatologists have had to resort to indirect methods, such as measuring tree-rings, or counting the different isotopes of oxygen in layers of polar ice.
With the help of many PTA volunteers, we installed a large green house, water garden with fish, bridge, butterfly garden, weather station, sundial, archaeology digging area for fossils and minerals, tree stumps for counting the rings, benches for an outdoor classroom and reading area, and over 60 different plants, shrubs and trees.
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When that tree is sawn into boards, those growth rings produce grain and figure that's straight, consistent and predictable.
There's been success in creating figure in the same tree by binding bamboo sticks tightly around the trunk with elastic cord to create "dents" in the growth rings.
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