As a result, the patent system is transferring resources from guys trying to create the next Angry Birds and to patent lawyers who are creating no value.
In 1996, a humble oncologist named Doug Jackson bravely built an auditable and verifiable system of transferring ownership rights to gold and silver bullion in an online digital environment.
Take Olga Morawczynski, a 20-something University of Edinburgh doctorate student who recently spent over a year in Kenya, where she studied the use of M-Pesa, a system for transferring money by cell phones.
While the Bin Laden money trail currently points to correspondent banking abuses and to hawala (an ancient Islamic system of transferring cash), a string of 1990s scandals revealed that a lot of dirty money has historically been laundered by private banking.
The system for hiring or transferring in skilled foreign nationals is highly regulated and often involves months of uncertainty both for the employee and the employer.
The project is aimed at transferring the ECCA Adult Distance Learning System technologies to the DGAEA in order to help it implement the national adult education and training system.
Political pressure has already led credit-card firms and PayPal, an online payment system, to stop customers transferring cash for online wagers.
Broadly speaking, countries that are more ethnically or racially homogeneous are more comfortable with the state seeking to mitigate inequality by transferring some resources from richer to poorer people through the fiscal system.
ECONOMIST: The poor like taxing the rich less than you would think
The work included transferring millions of passenger records and frequent-flier profiles to the Shares system from United's old Apollo system.
The Faster Payments System was set up because bank customers found it frustrating that transferring cash from one account to another at a different bank took several days.
According to an FBI news release, Mr Dutschke was charged with "knowingly developing, producing, stockpiling, transferring, acquiring, retaining and possessing a biological agent, toxin and delivery system, for use as a weapon, to wit: ricin".
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