The Paris Club of official creditors has offered steadily better terms to poor countries.
They spread wealth from rich to poor countries, but now remittances are being squeezed.
James Tobin had originally proposed that revenues from the tax be used for aid to poor countries.
When it comes to getting expensive pharmaceuticals to poor countries, there is no such thing as a quick fix.
Millions of intra-uterine contraceptive devices were exported to poor countries although they were known to cause infections and sterility.
There are lots of these, and they lend lots of money to poor countries with even bigger budget problems.
So a steady stream of remittances flows from Wormwood Scrubs to poor countries.
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China Exim Bank and China Development Bank, the main lenders, publish no figures about their vast loans to poor countries.
Nor are Japan's private citizens very generous: government aid aside, they give less than a cent each to poor countries.
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The American government is notoriously stingy with its foreign aid, giving just 0.2% of GDP to poor countries every year.
The IMF and the World Bank, facing increasing pressure from campaigners, have announced plans to speed up debt relief to poor countries.
But the shortage of child-friendly medicine is not confined to poor countries.
Management of a fund for climate aid to poor countries has also been agreed, though how to raise the money has not.
She says the practice of big foreign aid agencies shipping in food to poor countries like Haiti needs to be modified.
And it compelled him to found his own philanthropic organization, charity: water, which is focused on providing clean, safe water to poor countries.
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We are so rich in the advanced economies that small transfers to poor countries could transform the lives of our fellow global citizens.
The European debt crisis has led to cuts in government development aid to poor countries, says a new report by the aid watchdog Data.
In a world where private capital flows to poor countries dwarf official assistance, development banks should do what markets cannot or will not do.
At the same time, large quantities of badly needed drugs are made available to poor countries "at reasonable price, and with assured quality", he added.
It has begun, for the first time, to calculate the real cost to poor countries of tariffs, anti-dumping duties and non-tariff barriers in rich markets.
The Europeans, in turn, agreed to get rid of subsidies in certain products that matter to poor countries (without naming what those products might be).
This problem is not confined to poor countries: the European Union found women less likely to start a business than men, largely for lack of credit.
In 2009, when economies around the world crashed, remittances to poor countries fell by a modest 5%, and by 2010 had bounced back to record levels.
The Bank and the Fund, which also held a gathering in Washington at the weekend, are also reluctant to write off all of their loans to poor countries.
So companies in rich nations meet their obligations under the Kyoto Protocol, while money flows to poor countries, which can then buy pollution-control technology at the lowest possible cost.
The international health group Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, funded by Microsoft founder Bill Gates , recently launched a five-year drive to get cervical cancer vaccines to poor countries.
Mr Cameron added that he hoped to "galvanise collective international action" on tax evasion and wanted a renewed focus on "transparency, accountability and open government" around aid given to poor countries.
So Japanese firms are caught in a vicious circle: because they are not selling to poor countries, their volume stays low, which keeps prices high, which makes selling to poor countries infeasible.
Where is the ethical justification for charging rich-country prices for the new medicines that are relevant to poor countries when the profits subsidise research on diseases that have little relevance to them?
HIV, malaria or tuberculosis may be able to sell to poor countries more or less at cost, because they can make up their profit margins by charging more to travellers or to rich-country consumers who are at risk at home.
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