Hence, the deaf never get a true sense of the phonemic structure of spoken language: they have no sounds in their heads that can represent the written letters.

ECONOMIST: The cat sat on the tam | The

He adds that children with dyslexia need to be taught in a highly-structured way, with a strong emphasis on the phonic structure of language.

BBC: Teacher training to spot dyslexia

In an English-language class, Mohammad Bakhtiari stood in front of his pupils and discussed the architecture of the language: sentence structure, the formation of paragraphs, the conjugation of verbs.

NEWYORKER: After America

For around 90 minutes each day, the electrodes were also stimulated to map the structure of the brain so as to identify language centres and other vulnerable areas.

ECONOMIST: Out-of-body experiences

Behind their impenetrable mountains, language, social structure and the whole way of life were distinct.

ECONOMIST: Scottish history

And though paleoanthropologists are coming around to the view that Neanderthals developed sophisticated ways to communicate, including some form of spoken language, they may have lacked the rich vocabulary or symbolic structure we take for granted today.

WSJ: Neanderthals: Why Us and Not Them?