He was the first man to visit both the North and South Pole by land and the first to completely cross the Antarctic by foot.

CNN: Quest for exploration

When the Arctic Oscillation turns negative, that is, when the winds weaken, the cold air normally trapped around the North Pole surges south.

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If we were the animals living in the North Pole and the South Pole we would start to think will we ever make it past the threat of global warming or are we just all going to die here.

BBC: Last Updated: Thursday May 08 2008 11:40 GMT

They used a grid displaying all possible hues rolled into a globe, with black at the north pole and white at the south.

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The thin magnetic films can be manipulated to trigger vastly different signals depending upon which direction they face (basically "north pole" and "south pole"), allowing them to be read as the ones or zeros of basic computer code.

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