One sensible reform would be for the central government to take charge of the pension system.
It is a great disappointment that so many workers remain outside the pension system altogether.
Mr Ozawa promises to restore the pension system, help the working poor and the old, and revitalise the countryside.
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Instead, to raise funds, the government nationalised the pension system and siphoned off some of the Central Bank's reserves.
He and his colleagues considered the pension system in the round, taking into account both state and private provision.
Letting charter schools exit the pension system leaves a smaller pool of public school systems to cover existing funding gaps.
To fix the pension system in the United States, according to Reynolds, a combination of changes need to be made.
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Raising salaries or making legislators full-time isn't politically popular, so lawmakers instead arrange the pension system to provide greater benefits in retirement.
GDP, breaking the link between the minimum wage and pensions, and reforming the pension system, Brazil's version of welfare for the rich.
"Not only should you be hiring more bodies for safety, you are impacting the pension system by these astronomical salaries, " he said.
The proportion of the self-employed making discretionary contributions to the pension system fell from 60% in the mid-1980s to 20% in the mid-1990s.
Some members have delivered on their commitment to reform the pension system (Italy) and others are making progress on pension reforms (France, the UK).
To boost its primary budget surplus (excluding interest payments), the government now includes in its accounts revenue from the Central Bank and the pension system.
The new ones included pledges to reform the pension system and to end the blanket subsidising of households through cheap rent, maintenance and energy charges.
They include gas-price rises and an overhaul of the pension system.
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The government could also force the pension system to roll over the 10% of public debt held by the private funds on terms of its own choosing.
As finance minister and head of the central bank, he has cut taxes and liberalised the pension system, in addition to opening the banking sector to foreign competition.
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So far, the only person who worked for the pension system who has pleaded guilty is Mr. Loglisci, who as chief investment officer was the highest-ranking investment official in the fund.
While the charge isn't clear, a plea could suggest the taint on the fund's investments reached the highest level of the pension system, which Mr. Hevesi oversaw from 2003 to 2006.
But Mr Strauss-Kahn had done little more than begin his efforts to loosen up the labour market, reform the tax system and overhaul the pension system against fierce resistance from the left.
For that, the government pins its hopes on a series of proposed laws, including a constitutional amendment to reform the pension system (which requires only three more votes in the congress).
But while states and charters both have good reasons to want charters in the pension system, it would be easier to let the charters out if the pension system were better designed.
Russia's population, at just over 145m, has shrunk by nearly 2m since 1989, but nothing reveals the true extent of this demographic crunch as starkly as its effects on the pension system.
In February, Colorado lawmakers passed a bill that reduced the pension system's cost-of-living adjustment from a fixed 3.5% a year to a maximum of 2% but possibly less for current and future retirees.
Unions suggest that money for the pension system should come from higher taxes or charges on those who are still working, and see cost-cutting in the pension system as an attack on their way of life.
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At the same time, a socially desirable earlier change to the pension system has meant that millions of poor retired farm workers have begun to receive income-support payments, at a cost this year of about 10 billion reais.
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The proposal proposed to save 2% of GDP by reforming the pension system and more effectively targeting social payments (0.8% of GDP) and by cutting expenditures on the armaments program and on the law enforcement organs (another 1.2% of GDP).
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Second, while the salvation of the pension system implies that everyone will have to work longer and retire later, the poll cited above also shows that 59% of French adults (and 67% of those in the public sector) would prefer to work less, even if it means a lower pension.
The cost of providing pensions for those with nothing to pay in is borne by the central budget, not the new pension system, so the hidden debt in the system is no longer growing.
Jonathan Anderson, a China specialist at UBS, calculates that under the current pension system the government could face unfunded liabilities of up to 6% of GDP annually a few decades hence.
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