Mr Heckman confronted the sample-selection problem: in terms of the examples just given, for instance, the effect on the results if the workers who answered the questionnaire differed in important ways from those who did not.
The more likely conclusion is that dropouts in the low sugar group returned to old beverage consumption habits in the interim, thereby muddling the intervention effect on the 18-month results.
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In an attempt to minimize the effect that bandwagon fans and frontrunners could have on the results, two years of data were used for stadium attendance, merchandise sales and TV ratings.
For a growing number, the answer is software that allows them to quantify, monitor and manage the effect of currency fluctuations on their results.
Mr Pitt's resignation came at 9pm local time on Tuesday evening intriguingly, just too late to have an effect on the results of the mid-term congressional elections.
An additional reason for close scrutiny was the likely effect of holiday sales results on a potential bid by Richard Schulze to take the company private.
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Even though some of their mice survived the storm, Barcellos-Hoff says they could never account for the effect that the week and a half the animals spent in the dark might have had on the results.
While the Company cannot predict the outcome of this investigation with certainty, based on the information currently available to it, the Company believes that the outcome of the investigation will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
Because 41% of scientific papers originate in Europe (compared with 31% in America), the results of this study could have a big effect on the publishing industry.
The report said a number of factors caused the problem, but payment by results played a part as the trust misjudged the effect of the changes on its income and workload.
In this case, however, the results had an effect on Google itself.
The results also reflect changes in recent years in how cardiologists look at the effect of diet on heart risk.
The company expects the issue to have a significant effect on first quarter results.
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Wells said in a statement that the payments will not have an adverse effect on its financial results.
Without excluding these tax effects, investors would only see the gross effect that excluding these expenses had on our operating results.
We are here in Copenhagen to work for a global agreement that goes into effect immediately and delivers real results to people on the frontlines of climate change.
In regards to results based on which fraudulent act occurred, the effect of social confrontation on reporting intentions did not vary.
And Americans' exhaustion with wars overseas undoubtedly makes him more reluctant to act, but the president's persuasive powers can be deployed to good effect, especially since meaningful results can be achieved without the proverbial American boots on the ground.
"If you look at the results we have done OK but the effect of the tour on the team and the wider squad has been absolutely fantastic, " added Johnson, who now has more contenders for a revamped elite squad to be announced next month.
Some volunteers also dropped out, most of whom had higher body mass index on average, which may also skew the results toward a beneficial effect of the Mediterranean diet, since the individuals who remained might have been more motivated to take care of their hearts to begin with.
What Google gets from Buzz is a new means of organization, one that should make Google an even more useful part of life--with the not-incidental effect of improving its ability to sell advertising on its search results and mail.
Once these companies reach enough scale such that their algorithms can learn and improve based on the results of their own past decisions, a very powerful network effect kicks in that makes them tough to catch by copycats who lack the scale and history.
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Packer pointed out that if the results are pooled with previous studies, Simdax appears to have no effect on survival.
More studies will now be carried out, looking at the gene's effect on women, and seeing if this first study's results are replicated.
So that means the recent HBO Hard Knocks effect on anything Dolphins-related and the second-highest selling Robert Griffin III Redskin jersey had no impact on our results.
Ironically, if the payroll tax holiday has any effect on labor markets at all, it is to raise the unemployment rate once again, achieving no substantive results while achieving an appearance that is the opposite of what Washington intends.
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