British railwaymen chose Stephenson's standardgauge over Brunel's wider one in the first half of the 19th century, as they did in America and most European countries.
The CAPE ratio takes the price of a market and divides it by 10-year average inflation-adjusted earnings, typically resulting in a less volatile gauge of current valuations than standard measures. 3.
Not by the question per se, which is a fairly standard enquiry (dogs sniff bottoms, the middle classes compare education - the purpose is the same: to gauge status).