"Short lines may be short for a reason, " he says, adding that others may have left a short line because it was taking too long.
In a separate study, Mr. Carmon found shoppers tended to be attracted by how short a line was rather than how quickly the line was moving or how many items people waiting had in their carts.
Within five minutes of the restart, Sa'u had his hat-trick - first, finishing off another fluid movement in the corner and then dancing through the tackles to race over as New Zealand again took advantage of the opposition's short condensed line.
From the resulting line-out, Haughton again made a searing break which led to Paul Gustard just being held up short of the line by the desperate defence of Byrne and Shane Williams.
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Leinster then piled on the pressure but were held up just short of the line.
John Houston was then blocked inches short of the line following a quickly-taken tap penalty by Mike Blair.
Manning converted a 47th-minute penalty and then Munster were held up just short of the line as they applied the pressure.
Ryan Tramonte was also close but was held short of the line.
Geordan Murphy hauled him down just short of the line, but it took play up to a very threatening position for the Ospreys.
Scarlets should have added a third try soon after the restart, but Bowen ignored a two-man overlap and was dragged down short of the line.
Exeter came out brightly after the restart and were almost rewarded for their efforts with a try, lock James Hanks stopped just short of the line.
The flanker ran on to Agulla's pass, burst through the Scottish defence and appeared to have fallen just short of the line with his touch down.
Clint Newton was stopped just short of the line and another chance went begging when Dobson's kick was blocked and the scrum-half knocked on trying to regather.
Paul had broken free as Britain desperately tried to fight back - they came close with one effort inches short of the line right underneath the posts.
But Leinster's pack continued to put Edinburgh under intense pressure in a turgid second half but fumbles just short of the line prevented a couple of tries.
With the Rhinos finally starting to enjoy some field position, Jamie Jones-Buchanan almost burst through but the second rower was held up just short of the line.
Northampton squandered a rare sniff of a try when Dylan Hartley was held up just short of the line after he charged down a Tomas O'Leary clearance.
Eastmond started to exert more influence on the game and he was stopped short of the line before Lee Gilmour knocked on with the line at his mercy.
Lee Byrne was halted just short of the line after a fine run and the ball eventually came to Hook, who succeeded with his second attempt at a drop-goal.
The Dragons pressed left and right before American Emerick was held up inches short of the line and Gomer-Davies followed up, picking up and diving over for a try.
Eight minutes into the second half, the home side extended their lead when James Graham was stopped just short of the line and when the ball came lose, Wellens pounced.
Matt Sing was stopped just short of the line by Mark Calderwood, who was sin-binned for holding his man down, while Sean O'Loughlin did well to stop Thomas Lee over the line.
Coach Frank Endacott had sent on Henry Paul to increase his attacking options and the Wigan star went within an ace of scoring, held just inches short of the line by Radlinski.
Australia should have scored a second try when Barnes failed to find one of six support players before flanker George Smith, playing his 100th Test, dropped the ball just short of the line.
Gleeson should have pulled one back, but he was held just short of the line, but two minutes later Arnold completed his hat-trick finishing off good work by Darren Turner and Dekkiche to score.
Senior and Hall held him up just short of the line on the sixth tackle to keep the score 0-0 but just a minute later Gidley danced in to score, again set up by Pryce.
Carl Ablett was judged to have grounded short of the line at the end of a scrappy move from Leeds before Fox, a former Leeds academy reject, swooped on a rare errant pass from Kevin Sinfield.
Warrington made an encouraging start to the second half with Rob Parker hauled down just short of the line by Stephen Wild, but seconds later Jensen gathered Mark Gleeson's pass and went the length the pitch to score.
Racing scrum-half Nicolas Durard settled for the option of a yellow card to prevent a likely Leinster try and the home side's decision not to accept three certain points backfired when Heaslip spilled the ball short of the line.
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