Some years later, Claude Shannon (also of Bell Labs) would consolidate many of the prevailing ideas on the subject in his 1948 paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" which would reference the work of Nyquist significantly.

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This is the final entropy law from the fertile mind and mathematics of Claude Shannon of MIT and Bell Labs, who defined information as unexpected bits. (Predictable bits convey no information content, no entropy.) Information entropy is measured by its surprisal.

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Mr. Shannon built a few more and handed them out to people at Bell Labs.

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Shannon would also contribute to the further development of pulse-code modulation (along with Bell alumni Bernard M Oliver and John R Pierce) at around the same time, using technology that eliminated some of the issues (such as complex circuitry) from the earlier, but conceptually similar, implementation from Briton Alec Reeves in 1938.

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