New railway links, flyovers, an underground railway, elevated walkways and sea transport have been planned.
As a result, the amount of sea transport involved in manufacturing a given product rose.
In that era Japan's appetite for metals funded Vale's big investments in rail and sea transport.
Additionally, this will apparently force the company to ship these larger factory yields via sea transport rather than air, which also slows things down.
Air freight offers speed for the 40% of the world's trade (by value) that travels in cargo flights or in the hold of passenger aircraft, but it costs ten times more than sea transport.
If implemented, the Baltic Deepwater Oxygenation (Box) project would require around 100 pumping stations built around the Baltic Sea to transport oxygen deep underwater to counteract the declining amounts of oxygen and prevent the growth of the dead zone.
The Center also notes that a decision to place greater emphasis on sea-lift should translate into a commitment both to additional transport capacity and to the preservation of a larger naval fleet needed to secure the sea lines of communication over which such transports must move.
Millions of jobs in industry, tourism, transport and energy depend on the sea.
At least in the short term, Mr Gautier says, government activity in the Arctic has more to do with transport routes than with under-sea riches.
In addition, OMV is the driving force behind the Nabucco pipeline project which will transport gas from Iran's Caspian Sea directly to Europe when completed in 2011.
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Prosecutors said Na Tchuto discussed shipping ton-quantities of cocaine from South America to Guinea Bissau by sea, saying it was a good time to transport drugs because Guinea Bissau government was weak because of a recent coup d'etat.
Another example is Logistics.com, which auctions transport contracts of all kinds, from trucking to air and sea.
And the rivalry doesn't stop at sea - Malaysia is also looking to promote itself as a hub for air transport.
Road transport is only one-third the cost of shipping goods to Pakistan by sea, via Dubai, as happens now.
Contrary to the obvious assumption, rising fuel prices might actually cause the use of ships for freight, as manufacturers reduce fuel use not by shipping things shorter distances, but by relying more heavily on efficient sea freight at the expense of less efficient land- and air-based modes of transport.
Second, by managing the Suez Canal in conformance with international maritime law, Egypt facilitated the smooth transport of petroleum products to global markets and prevented Iran from operating in the Mediterranean Sea.
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But Prof Cook said parts of the sea - and the whole canal system - froze at a time when canals were still being used to transport goods.
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