According to the Venezuelan Society of Transport and Road Engineers, the metropolitan area urgently needs at least 100km of new roads, including the completion of a ring-road first mooted in the 1970s.
Commanders say that the American reinforcements will be used to improve security in provinces surrounding Kabul, to protect the ring-road that girdles the country's capital and, above all, to reinforce NATO's faltering effort in southern Afghanistan.
Councillor David Begg, convenor of Edinburgh's transport committee, chaired a meeting earlier this month of Scottish councils to discuss how to finance public-transport improvements with revenues from a road-pricing ring around Edinburgh.
The government used to ring-fence money for road safety, but the pot was too small to meet demand - Manchester alone has 500 traffic calming bids, and can only do a handful each year.
Edinburgh, one of the keenest authorities, has plans for a road-pricing ring, but it is not expected to be in operation until 2005.
Travellers took to the roads instead, causing long tailbacks - 40km jams were reported on the Paris ring road.
Many other roads were also affected - the A34, A40 and the Oxford ring road had to close following a series of accidents on Sunday night.
As the convoy growled down Highway One, the national ring road that encircles the whole country, the turret machine-gunner rotated left and right, scanning the roadside.
"The government needs to ring-fence some money that's dished out to ensure it's spent on road safety, not frittered away on some council initiative, " he added.
Much of India's call-centre industry, which employs roughly 300, 000 agents, is located outside the ring road that encircles Bangalore, in a string of smart new business parks with tidy lawns and private security.
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