There has to be accountability over which team has undertaken what element of work in the research and development process, and in doing so there has to be an apportionment of the overall savings.

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The company utilizes engineer-to-engineer selling model, which is a fairly research and development intensive process, according to Crichton.

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Developing a complicated procedure to purify stem cells for human trials was difficult at Scripps, because academic settings and government grants support basic research, not the applied-process development required for such targeted research, and Friedlander didn't want to go the typical venture-capital route.

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It drains limited resources and prevents investments in other areas such as facility upgrade, process improvement and research and development.

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Lucie Bruijn, senior vice president of research and development at the ALS Association, likens this process to building an engine: If there are parts missing or placed in the wrong place or in the wrong way, the engine doesn't work right.

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From the barley to the bottle, every part of the process is scrutinized by the company's research and development department to ensure it meets or beats sustainable targets.

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