If the home industry makes too much, it will depress the price of its exports on world markets, damaging the country's terms of trade, and hurting workers.
It is entirely possible that if there were no oil or gas exports then oil or gas prices would be lower in the US. But if there were no Boeing exports then the price of jet planes might be lower, no GM exports then the price of cars might be lower, no tortillas made of Iowa corn then corn flakes might be cheaper.
FORBES: Lou Dobbs and Bill O'Reilly Don't Seem to Understand Exports
The country's terms of trade - the price of its exports relative to its imports - has risen by more than 80% since 2000.
The price of gas exports has fallen too, while Brazil (the main market) has cut imports by a third because of a slowing economy and plentiful rainfall for hydroelectricity.
Alpha coal is priced at 6% off the benchmark price of thermal coal exports from Newcastle in Australia.
Today, the global market has a greater influence over the price of milk because the United States exports almost 15% of what farms produce.
In November of that year the Mexicans agreed to a price floor of 46 cents a kilo for their exports.
The Russians keep him and his economy going only at the price of surrendering ever more control over key industries, including exports of potash and oil refineries.
The stronger euro will temper the rise in the dollar price of oil, but it will also blunt the competitiveness of Germany's exports.
Since the ruble tends to strengthen when the price of oil rises, because the Russian budget and economy are both so heavily dependent on energy exports, you would expect that a tripling in the price of oil would have significantly boosted the ruble.
Part of the problem is weakening growth in exports, driven largely by a recent drop in the price of coal and other commodities that Indonesia sells overseas.
As much as 20, 000 tonnes, or one third of total exports of REs were smuggled out of China, which both reduces the price of the metals and ensures the more voracious depletion of the resource.
FORBES: Shortage Of Rare Earth Metals Exacerbated By Smuggling
So the imposition of price caps in a given country will not necessarily quash innovation there, thanks to the lure of exports.
With no exports of lamb this autumn what price will lamb be with a 20% over-supply?
America has plenty of coal, but as exports grow its price will start tracking world coal prices.
On news of bans in China, Vietnam, Cambodia, India and Egypt (which between them grew 40% of world rice exports in 2007), the price tripled within a few weeks.
It is gathering a windfall from oil exports, thanks to a high price stoked in part by fears of war.
Iowa corn farmers push up the price of corn flakes by being so appallingly profit motivated that they ship corn to Mexico as exports.
FORBES: Lou Dobbs and Bill O'Reilly Don't Seem to Understand Exports
The price surge also has been fueled by increased exports to China, said Shawn Church, editor of Random Lengths.
Four years ago spikes in the price of food triggered riots in 12 countries, including Egypt, and prompted Russia to ban wheat exports to conserve its own stocks.
The rouble's devaluation will not do much to create jobs in industry, because Russia's miserable output of manufactured exports chiefly clunky cars, vodka and weapons is not very price-sensitive.
Simply put, if policymakers get the price signals right, firms and consumers will of their own accord reorient their efforts away from consumption and towards exports and cleaner energy.
The oil price has since tripled, and, thanks chiefly to a devaluation of nearly 80% against the dollar, exports are booming and industrial production was up 11% year-on-year in January.
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