Community and governance: vast swathes of the literature are about how institutions, the presence or absence of corruption (even the type of it) influence growth.
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Ms MacCallum said the fact parental warmth and quality of parenting was similar in all three groups showed "it is the level of commitment to parenting that is important, and not the presence or absence of biological links between parent and children".
After a month of fly-bys over the south pole, Lunar Prospector should be able to confirm the presence or absence of water once and for all.
Indeed, I know of no basis other perhaps than wishful thinking for positing a connection between the presence or absence of U.S. testing and global proliferation.
Indeed, I know of no basis -- other perhaps than wishful thinking -- for positing a connection between the presence or absence of U.S. testing and global proliferation.
Be a walking, noisy Geiger counter that registers the presence or absence of quality.
Epigenetics currently one of molecular biology's hottest topics is a process by which genes are activated or deactivated by the presence or absence of chemical structures called methyl and acetyl groups.
They investigated two independent variables: (1) the presence or absence of an unsuccessful social confrontation with the transgressor regarding the fraud and (2) the type of fraudulent act that occurred.
They are also going to look at whether the presence or absence of amyloid plaques, a marker of Alzheimer's in the brain, predicts participants' cognitive status over the next five years.
Superstitious beliefs about the presence or absence of the sports minister at matches should give way to sober analysis which may reveal serious flaws at top management including even the minister.
In fact, the presence or absence of nuclear weapons is immaterial to the issue of compliance: under the treaty both nuclear and conventional missiles with ranges of the SS-23 are banned.
Lawyers and experts on internet policy say no court case has ever turned on the presence or absence of such an automatic e-mail footer in America, the most litigious of rich countries.
Having harvested and germinated seeds from her hand pollinated plants, Minushika scored those seedlings for presence or absence of the red fleck and white V leaf marks and assayed for a specific genetic precursor and enzyme need for the production of hydrogen cyanide.
In fact, as the Center for Security Policy has repeatedly observed (1), there is no demonstrable connection between the presence or absence of a modest U.S. nuclear test program and decisions by the likes of Kim Il Sung, Saddam Hussein, Hafez Assad or the mullahs of Iran as to whether or how aggressively they will seek nuclear weapons capabilities.
Still, "most of the family history that we're collecting is just the presence or the absence of heart disease, not the age of onset or the type of disease, " says Dr. Arnett, who wasn't involved in the latest research.
Given a choice, absence of evidence is more likely to be evidence of absence than it is evidence of presence.
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She does the ghostly casts of buildings and objects which are about memory and the absence of presence.
Neither the presence nor the absence of American weapons tests matter to the North Korean decision-makers, any more than they do to their Iraqi, Iranian, Indian, Pakistani and Syrian counterparts.
The U.S. is a Pacific power, " he said, adding that Washington seeks to be a stabilizing presence in the region and that "the absence of a U.S. presence would be destabilizing.
Iranian- and Syrian-backed Hezbollah guerrillas, whose attacks on Israeli troops were decisive in persuading Israel to end it occupation of south Lebanon, hold sway over much of the area in the absence of a strong Lebanese Government presence.
So it appears that there is both an absence and a presence of the human form in Islamic art.
"The absence of a police presence or sight of police officers apparently standing by and allowing criminal behaviour to take place was distressing for those whose homes and businesses were being attacked, " it added.
But in the absence of an increased sales presence to take advantage of the wider distribution, Vivus is unlikely to significantly expand sales in a meaningful way.
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But while the presence of humans has been a major factor in increasing deforestation and the clearing of land for farming, the absence of humans can also be a threat to trees.
Great leaders are not defined by the absence of weakness, but rather by the presence of clear strengths.
Optimization is much like good cholesterol, the absence of which is felt more acutely than its presence.
The absence of a security fence - rather than the presence of an enemy society on the outskirts of Israel's population centers - was blamed for the terror that claimed the lives of over a thousand Israelis.
The presence of these applications is truly never felt, but a one-hour of absence surely is.
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That, in the end, the absence of the deal is anti-consumer, not the presence of it.
"The moment you do that they're much more fragile - that means there are certain aspects of life which seem to be taking place in the absence of microorganisms, but there are clearly aspects connected to the presence of them, " he told BBC News.
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