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But human factors have also played their part, with over-grazing, over-farming, misuse of irrigation and the unsustainable demands of a growing population all contributing to environmental degradation.
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Over the next few decades, as the irrigation policy continued, fishing villages that had once been situated right on the coastline found themselves in the middle of a desert landscape.
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It will take strong institutions at both the national and international levels to satisfy competing demands and defuse tension when it arises, such as over proposals for shale gas extraction, mass irrigation or dam construction.
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It provides almost a third of all irrigation water in the United States and over 80% of the drinking water to 35 million United States citizens.
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Near Ranganijar, a little temple was erected to Ganesha, over the grave of a small calf that died in an irrigation culvert in a tea estate.
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Purves is very concerned about the glaciers in the Himalayan mountains that are the main source of water for irrigation and drinking in China and India, well over 2 billion people.
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Decades of war have ruined the country's irrigation canals, and Afghanistan has been plagued by drought over the past few years.
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Rolando, a young infantryman in our area of responsibility, won over local farmers by spontaneously shedding his equipment and helping them dig irrigation ditches one day while on patrol.
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Intensive irrigation especially from tube-wells, of which there are over a million in Punjab has depleted the water-table.
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But modern drip irrigation uses underground computerized probes and long plastic tubes to slowly release water over long distances.
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Farmers in Mr Sharif's home province of Punjab, which accounts for over half of Pakistan's population, favour the scheme because it will provide more water for irrigation.
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