He operated through a personal network of allegiances which were reinforced, until only a few years ago, by a highly centralised one-party state a system that is now largely gone.
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Japan has gone from a one- to a two-party state, and now to what?
The dispute is rooted in state laws that require a presidential candidate to gather 5, 000 signatures of registered party voters statewide, including one-half-of-one-percent of registered party voters in each of the state's 31 congressional districts.
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Officials say that one function of party cells in the non-state sector is to help ensure that such enterprises uphold the law.
It is, of course, inherently ludicrous for a political party devoted to destroying Britain to complain about the failure of the British state to honour one of that party's most high-profile supporters.
Since then, aside from one Austrian bodybuilder, the Republican Party has not elected a single individual to any state-wide office or held a majority in either house of the legislature.
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One was respected investment and state-enterprises chief Laksamana Sukardi, a member of Megawati's party.
"It's critically important in terms of its size and its swingy-ness, " said one veteran Democratic operative in the state who declined to be named discussing party strategy.
On the state level, the party has gone all out to register and educate the one-fifth of the voting-age population that's Latino, and the presidential candidates have courted them.
Australia 's centre-right government, which faces a federal election this year, saw its supporters battered in a Queensland state election, as voters switched to Pauline Hanson's One Nation anti-immigration party.
Yet when Mr Checchi was obliged to beam down from the virtual world to the real one to attend a convention of the state's Democratic Party in Los Angeles on March 20th-22nd, he put on a dismal performance.
One was a surprise defeat for the pro-business Free Democratic Party, making it the sixth out of six state elections where it has lost heavily.
On one side of the issue, Republicans and tea party activists argue that a key way to trim out-of-control state government spending and deficits is by targeting collective bargaining rights.
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