Governments were then obliged to defend their parities against the dollar through official intervention and so needed ample ammunition.
The Chinese authorities have substantially reduced the level of official intervention in exchange markets since the third quarter of 2011, and China has taken a series of steps to liberalize controls on capital movements, as part of a broader plan to move to a more flexible exchange rate regime.
This is a flow variable and so should largely exclude currency valuation effects, but the drawback is that it will usually overstate the amount of official FX intervention as it includes monthly foreign exchange transactions by the PBoC and commercial banks.
Analysts had warned of further government intervention after official estimates this month showed private and public home prices climbed to record levels in the October-to-December period.
"The alternative to a U.N. force is a European intervention, " the official said.
Stade's direct approach was getting little change out of the Scarlets' defensive line, until Bousses barged over on 16 minutes after the intervention of the TV official.
In the 52nd minute, the Premiership side required the intervention of the Television Match Official, who decided that number eight Raphael Lakafia had made two movements as he stretched for the line following a prolonged period of Biarritz pressure.
They view the intervention as a return to the official paternalism that prevailed before the aborigines won their long battle for land rights 35 years ago.
Yet, official statements aside, Mr Summers for one seemed uncomfortable about intervention.
They not only indicate the degree of forex intervention in China, but also the size of Chinese official investments in fixed-income markets overseas, most notably into U.S. Treasurys.
She made a spectacular intervention in the recent congressional election in upstate New York by rejecting the official Republican and backing a third-party conservative candidate.
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The demonstration, large by Turkish-Cypriot standards, took place a few days before official celebrations on July 20th to mark the 27th anniversary of Turkey's military intervention on the island.
The UN intervention force would not be a substitute for the Congolese army, said the peacekeeping official.
The West feels that the Russians have an interest in prolonging that mission, the official said, with Russia possibly seeing the continued presence of the monitors as insurance against outside military intervention, which Moscow fears.
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