Nunavut, a vast northern territory in Canada, was created a decade earlier by a settlement with the Inuit.
These changes have been particularly evident to Inuit hunters of Clyde River in Nunavut (Canada) since the 1990s.
Of fewer than 100 people infected in Nunavut, the vast Arctic homeland of Inuits, 10 were admitted to hospital.
Both Nunavut and Greenland are relatively new to the business of self-governance.
ECONOMIST: A clash between environmentalists and Inuit rights
Nunavut was established in 1999 along with a sweepingly powerful Land Claims agreement designed to atone for Canada's previous offences against the aboriginal peoples.
ECONOMIST: A clash between environmentalists and Inuit rights
Canada just hosted the G7 finance meeting way up north in Nunavut and will host both the G8 and G20 conferences later this year.
"Polar bears are one of the biggest conservation success stories in the world, " says Drikus Gissing, wildlife director for the Canadian territory of Nunavut.
And go west, and even further north, back to the regions around Yellowknife in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut to find an already active mining boom.
Separated in places by less than 40km (25 miles), Nunavut and Greenland have far more in common with each other than with Ottawa or Copenhagen, their respective capitals.
ECONOMIST: A clash between environmentalists and Inuit rights
But federal transfers are likely to decline, when the neighbouring Northwest Territories is divided in 1999 and the new Nunavut administration in Canada's eastern Arctic requires start-up funds.
But in Nunavut, for example, alcoholism and suicide rates are higher than the national average, life expectancy is lower and almost half of the population lives in overcrowded housing.
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Since 2008, Mike has taken the Young Explorers on nine expeditions which included notable stops in Monaco, the Arctic and Nunavut Canada, New Zealand, Antarctica, Mongolia, South Africa and Borneo.
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You can't get much further out than Cambridge Bay -- hidden away in Canada's arctic Nunavut territory, this sleepy town is only reachable by plane, boat or Google Maps.
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In its quarterly earnings detail, Agnico-Eagle lifted its full-year production outlook to 1.025 million ounces of gold from 975, 000 ounces based on higher production, particularly from its Meadowbank mine in Nunavut.
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There is even a plan for a naval port in Nanisivik, in the territory of Nunavut, and up to eight Arctic patrol vessels to fly the flag in the increasingly ice-free far north.
Mitch Taylor, who published almost 50 peer-reviewed papers during his 21 years as a polar-bear biologist and wildlife manager for the territorial government of Nunavut, prefers to avoid speculating too much about the unknown.
In Nunavut, mistrust of outside experts is huge.
ECONOMIST: A clash between environmentalists and Inuit rights
The five-day trip through Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon was designed to portray Mr Harper as a man who is both comfortable in, and in control of, the two-fifths of Canada that lies north of the 60th parallel.
ECONOMIST: The prime minister tries to marry defence and welfare
"The American government is using the threat of climate change to justify banning the international trade in polar bear parts while utterly failing to do anything to reduce their own activities, " said James Eetoolook of the Nunavut Tunngavik, a group that represents Inuit interests.
This was the case with the Cree over the massive James Bay hydroelectric dams in northern Quebec, the Innu over the Voisey's Bay nickel mine in Labrador, the Inuit over diamond mines in the Northwest Territories, and the 1999 creation of the new territory of Nunavut, the largest land-claim settlement in Canadian history.
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