The establishment of a "no-fly zone" over northern Iraq following the first Gulf War in 1991 also allowed Turkish troops to conduct frequent raids on PKK strongholds across the border.

CNN: PKK's decades of violent struggle

His sympathies, born of his childhood experiences among the peasantry in northern France during the first world war, were always with the underdog, and he did not spare the colonial authorities for their role in Africa's misfortunes.

ECONOMIST: Ren�� Dumont

We find ourselves in a village in northern, Protestant Germany, a year before the outbreak of the First World War, and there, with only the briefest of excursions to the world beyond, we stay.

NEWYORKER: The White Ribbon

After they led thousands of men across northern Mali last April, France readied a war plan, and in January, the first of 4, 000 French troops arrived in an operation that in part includes the mission to find or kill Messrs.

WSJ: Chad Army Says It Killed Key Terrorists