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Nato ambassadors invoked a mutual defence clause in the organisation's founding treaty for the first time in its history.
BBC: Bush calls attacks 'acts of war'
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Germany wants the forthcoming EU constitution to include a mutual defence clause among member-states, which would duplicate that of Nato.
BBC: Analysis: Schroeder challenges the US
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It looks more like a mutual defence pact: an attack on one euro-zone member is now an attack on all.
ECONOMIST: Charlemagne
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It has also brought much of southern Africa, citing mutual defence, into direct confrontation with much of East Africa, citing self-defence.
ECONOMIST: A continent goes to war | The
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And Mr Tusa believes a break-up could loosen the US-UK "special relationship", which is in part held together by mutual defence interests.
BBC: BAE Systems: Where now for the UK's biggest manufacturer?
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This replaced the mutual defence clause of the Western European Union (WEU) which will be wound up in 2011, and which currently consists of delegations from national parliaments.
BBC: Security and Defence Committee
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The Mutual Defence Treaty remained, but in effect became dormant.
ECONOMIST: The Philippines
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America and the Philippines still have a mutual defence treaty, and Philippine politicians and journalists are now talking about getting America to extend its security guarantee to cover the disputed islands.
ECONOMIST: The Philippines
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NATO's mutual defence guarantee.
ECONOMIST: The West versus Serbia
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Senegal and South Africa both invoked regional mutual-defence agreements, though Senegal did so only after it had intervened.
ECONOMIST: A continent goes to war
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It is comfortable and secure among the most developed nations, which have learnt that shared values, mutual economic relationships, social justice and collective defence bring genuine success.
ECONOMIST: On small businesses, newspapers, California, Britain, Kuwait, Jeffrey Sachs, Crossrail, vroomtones | The