Native claims on timber and mining land have held back investment.
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Another court decision Thursday was to cancel the leases of 49 Karnataka mines facing the most serious charges of illegal mining and land degradation.
President Jacob Zuma recently sparked a debate when he called for greater state involvement in mining and land ownership to address inequalities inherited from apartheid - which he said pose a "grave threat" to Africa's biggest economy.
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Public mineral resources become private the minute you pull them from the ground, meaning the only costs incurred from mining on public land are operating expenses.
There were several keynote speakers throughout the week, giving presentations that looked into different forms of mining, whether it on dry land or in the ocean, challenges of mining in arctic climates and responsible environmental mining among others.
Fighting between two Arab tribes over land and mining rights in the area this year has killed hundreds of people.
Back on land, mining-company engineers say new techniques, such as dissolving minerals and sucking them up through a pipe or extracting ore with high-powered water jets, could increase recoverable reserves.
In particular, according to Orellana, Pacific Rim failed to provide an adequate environmental impact assessment for its proposed mine and did not meet the Salvadoran requirement that mining companies own the land that would be affected by their operations.
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Meanwhile, 216 mining claims were lodged on land already staked out by solar developers.
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Mr Djerrkura's home in north-eastern Arnhem Land was the site of Australia's first land-rights campaign in 1963, when a collection of clans known as the Yolngu sent a petition written on bark to Canberra, the Australian capital, objecting to the mining of bauxite on their land by Nabalco, a Swiss-Australian company.
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Nevertheless, her campaign has echoed Mr Humala's pledges to levy a windfall tax on mining companies and give Andean Indian communities veto rights over mining and oil projects on their land.
One would involve an impartially facilitated national dialogue to address internal Congolese issues such as army and justice reform, decentralization, electoral frameworks, immigration, minority protections, land dispute adjudication, mining codes and other divisive issues.
The BLM says 437 new mining claims have been made on land in Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Wyoming where wind developers had previously applied for leases, known as rights of way, or ROW, in agency parlance.
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The groups own much of the land in northern Quebec and without their blessing, mining companies as well as provincial government have no right to mine their mineral rich land.
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Last year's mining law in effect expropriated ownership of land from private miners.
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Likewise, Congolese Tutsi businessmen serve as a Rwandan vanguard, opening up eastern Congolese land for cattle grazing and mining.
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He stands accused of giving away public land and taking money from a mining firm.
Dozens of mining companies are trawling the narrow strip of land abutting its 44, 087-kilometre coastline for diamonds, gold and rubies and possibly more exotic treasures.
In Avatar, indigenous groups gather with the help of a handful of foreigners (from Earth) to fight off a marauding mining corporation looking to develop a strip of land on a site holy to the locals.
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Except for the mining lease, most approvals are in place and land deals have been locked in with stakeholders.
There is free access to 216 million acres or about 9% of all public land for the purposes of hard rock mining.
For example, multiple pipelines could go on one right of way, or wind turbines might go on land already barren because of old coal mining.
The area is currently populated by over 20 million people and is challenged by deforestation, agriculture, mining, a governmental dam building spree, illegal land speculation including the occupation of forest reserves and indigenous land and other issues.
If that claim is on public land, absolutely nothing according to the General Mining Act of 1872.
The company could be a beneficiary of the consolidating global resources and demand for land by some of the largest metal and mining companies, he argues.
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For example, multiple pipelines could be placed on one right of way, or wind turbines might go on land that is already barren because of old coal mining.
The Obama administration has proposed putting government land designated for solar and wind development off limits to mining claims for at least two years.
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Huge inter-connected cylinders, each encompassing a land area as large as 100 square miles, would accommodate, in addition to extensive mining operations, capacious living quarters, gardens, and recreation areas.
But farmers are worried that the ramifications could go much further, and some mining companies have given warning that they are reluctant to make new investments, lest they be affected by aboriginal land claims.
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